Key Concepts in IT Infrastructure and Security Review Questions with complete Solutions Rated A+
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Course
IT Infrastructure
Institution
IT Infrastructure
Key Concepts in IT Infrastructure and Security Review Questions with complete Solutions Rated A+
access control - Answers The process of determining and assigning privileges to resources, objects, and data. Each resource has an access control list (ACL) specifying what subjects (users and hosts) c...
Key Concepts in IT Infrastructure and Security Review Questions with complete Solutions Rated A+
access control - Answers The process of determining and assigning privileges to resources, objects, and
data. Each resource has an access control list (ACL) specifying what subjects (users and hosts) can do.
Active Directory - Answers The standards-based directory service from Microsoft that runs on Microsoft
Windows servers. Also known as AD.
Automatic Private IP Addressing - Answers Developed as a means for Windows clients configured to
obtain an address automatically that could not contact a DHCP server to communicate on the local
subnet. The host randomly selects an address from the range 169.254.x.y. Also called APIPA and a link-
local address.
application server - Answers Any server making a software application available to clients. Applications
are developed on different models (dedicated, distributed, and peer-to-peer).
array - Answers Identifier for a group of variables of the same type. The number of possible elements in
an array is fixed when the array is declared.
auditing - Answers A detailed and specific evaluation of a process, procedure, organization, job function,
or system in which results are gathered and reported to ensure that the target of the audit is in
compliance with the organization's policies, regulations, and legal responsibilities.
authentication - Answers A method of validating a particular entity's or individual's unique credentials.
Backplane - Answers A high-speed bus that can be used to interconnect multiple devices (such as
switches, servers, or drive arrays).
backup - Answers Recovery of data can be provided via a backup system. Most backup systems offer
support for tape devices. This provides a reasonably reliable and quick mechanism for copying critical
data. Different backup types (full, incremental, or differential) balance media capacity, time required to
backup, and time required to restore.
bandwidth - Answers Generally used to refer to the amount of data that can be transferred through a
connection over a given period. Bandwidth more properly means the range of frequencies supported by
transmission media, measured in hertz.
baseline - Answers The point from which something varies. A configuration baseline is the original or
recommended settings for a device, while a performance baseline is the originally measured
throughput.
bash - Answers A command shell and scripting language for Unix-like systems. Bash is short for Bourne
again shell.
beep codes - Answers During Power-On Self-Test (POST), errors in hardware or the system firmware
data can be brought to the attention of the user by beep noises. Each beep code is able to draw
, attention to a particular fault with the hardware. It was once customary for a computer to beep once to
indicate that POST was successful, though most modern computers boot silently.
biometric authentication - Answers Physical characteristics stored as a digital data template can be used
to authenticate a user. Typical features used include facial pattern, signature recognition, and iris, retina,
or fingerprint pattern.
Basic Input/Output System - Answers A firmware interface that initializes hardware for an operating
system boot. Also known as BIOS.
BitLocker - Answers Feature of Windows allowing for encryption of NTFS-formatted drives. The
encryption key can be stored in a TPM chip on the computer or on a USB drive.
blade server - Answers A thin server form factor designed to optimize density, or the amount of space
taken up in a rack. Blades are connected in an enclosure that provides a common power, cooling, and
interconnect solution.
bollards - Answers A sturdy, short, vertical post. The term originally referred to a post on a ship or quay
used principally for mooring boats, but it is now also used to refer to posts installed to control road
traffic and posts designed to prevent ram-raiding and vehicle-ramming attacks.
Bootstrap Protocol - Answers TCP/IP protocol enabling a host to acquire IP configuration information
from a server or download a configuration program using TFTP. BOOTP is an earlier, simpler form of
DHCP and also works over UDP port 67. Unlike DHCP, the configuration settings for each host must be
manually configured on the server.
bridge - Answers Used to divide an overloaded network into separate segments. Intrasegment traffic
(traffic between devices on the same segment) remains within this segment and cannot affect the other
segments. A bridge works most efficiently if the amount of intersegment traffic (traffic between devices
on different segments) is kept low. Segments on either side of a bridge are in separate collision domains
but the same broadcast domain. The function of bridges is now typically performed by switches.
British Thermal Unit - Answers A measure of heat energy generated by equipment. One watt is 3.41
British Thermal Units. Also known as BTU.
Blue Screen - Answers Indicates an error from which the system cannot recover (also called a stop
error). Blue screens are usually caused by bad driver software or hardware faults (memory or disk). Also
known as Blue Screen of Death or BSOD.
bus - Answers Buses are the connections between components on the motherboard and peripheral
devices attached to the computer. Buses are available in industry standard formats, each with its own
advantages and disadvantages. The standard functions of a bus are to provide data sharing, memory
addressing, power supply, and timing. Common bus types include PCI, PCI Express, and USB.
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