Exam (elaborations)
CNUR 300
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CNUR 300 CNUR 300 CNUR 300
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CNUR 300Family (most salient definition): - ANS "who the members say it is"
Definition of family from the textbook: - ANS "family refers to two or more individuals who depend on
one another for emotional, physical, and economic support. The members of the family are self-
directed."
The presence of (4) characteristics were found to predict divorce with a 94% accuracy: - ANS 1. Criticism:
these are personal attacks that consist of negative comments, to and about each other, that occur over
time and erode the relationship
2. Contempt: *most corrosive* includes comments that convey disgust and disrespect
3. Defensiveness: Each partner blames the other in an attempt to deflect a verbal attack
4. Stonewalling: one or both of the partners refuse to interact or engage in interaction both verbally and
nonverbally
Conflict is addressed in (3) ways in positive, healthy relationships. They are classified as the following
couples: - ANS 1. Validators - talk their problems out, expressing emotions and opinions, and are skilled
at reaching a compromise
2. Volatiles - two partners who view each other as equals, as they engage in loud, passionate, explosive
interactions that are balanced by a caring, loving, relationship
3. Avoiders - simply agree not to engage in conflicts, thus minimizing the corrosive effects of negative
conflict resolution
What are the (4) approach to family nursing ( in order ) - ANS 1. Family as the context for individual
development
2. Family as a client
3. Family as a system
4. Family as a component of society
,Describe "family as the context for individual development" approach - ANS -individual is the
foreground and the family is the background
-family serves as a context for the individual as either a resource or a stressor to the individual's health
and illness
-nurse may ask: "how will you provide for child care when you have back surgery?"
Describe "family as the client" approach - ANS -centers on assessment of all family members
-family nurse is interested in the way all the family members by the health event of one family member
-all family members are in the foreground
-family is seen as the sum of all individual family members
-nurse assesses and provides healthcare for all individual members of the family
-nurse may ask "how has your diagnosis affected other members of the family?"
Describe "family as a system" approach - ANS -family as a whole is the client
-interactional system where the whole is more than the sum of it's parts
-interactions between family members become the target for nursing interventions
-focus on the individual and family simultaneously
-emphasis on interaction between family members
-nurse may ask "what has changed between you and your spouse since your child has been diagnosed
with juvenile diabetes?"
Describe "family as a component of society" - ANS -family is viewed as one of the many institutions
within society
-family is a basic/primary unit of society, and part of the larger system of society
-family interacts with other institutions to exchange, receive, or give communication and services
,-nurse may ask: "what issues has the family been experiencing since you made the school aware of your
son's diagnosis of HIV?"
what is a "nuclear dyad" - ANS married couple, no children
nuclear fam? - ANS husband, wife, children (may or may not be married)
binuclear family? - ANS two postdivorce families with children as members of both
Commune? - ANS group of men, women, and children
Cohabitation? - ANS domestic partners, a man and a woman sharing a household
role strain - ANS lack of competence in role performance
family rituals vs family routines - ANS -Family Rituals: formal celebrations, traditions, and religious
observances with *symbolic meanings* (eg barmitzfas, weddings, and funerals)
-Family Routines: *patterned behaviors* or interactions that closely link to daily or regular activities (eg
mealtimes or treatment of guests)
The reason co-habitating has increased so much with unmarried couples: - ANS -increased uncertainty
about stability of marriage
-erosion of stigma associated with cohabitation and sexual relations outside of marriage
-wider availability of birth control
-economic changes
-increased individualism
-secularization (religion losing social and cultural significance*)
, -if a co-habitating relationship is unsuccessful, one can simply move out; if a marriage is unsuccessful,
one suffers through a sometimes lengthy and difficult divorce
Cohabitating - ANS couples living together without marrying
Replacement level fertility - ANS The required # of children each woman in society would have to bear
on average to replace herself and her partner, conventionally set at 2.1 to accommodate childhood
mortality and those who do not survive to reproductive age.
ART: assistive reproductive technology. Defined as - ANS "all treatments in which both eggs and sperm
are handled"
ART procedures involve surgically removing the eggs from a woman's ovaries, combining them with
sperm in the laboratory, and returning them to a woman's body or donating them to another woman
(treatments involving only sperm, eg. artificial insemination, are not classified as this).
ART's often result in: - ANS -multiple births (twins, triplets, and so on, which increases health risk for
children and mothers)
-pregnancy complications
-preterm delivery
-low birth weight
Children born as a result of ART are more likely to: - ANS -experience worse neurodevelopment
outcomes (psych problems)
-high rates of hospitalizations
-more surgeries than other children
PRWORA: (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act) - ANS a welfare reform
that poses time limits on welfare eligibility and mandatory drop training requirements.
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