Forensic Linguistics Exam Complete Answers
core areas of linguistics (6) ️phonetics
phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics
discourse
phonetics ️production and interpretation of sound
phonology is the rules, while phonetics is the realization
phonology ️patterning of sounds
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phonetics ✔️production and interpretation of sound
phonology is the rules, while phonetics is the realization
phonology ✔️patterning of sounds
phonology is the rules, while phonetics is the realization
morphology ✔️words (structure of units that form words)
syntax ✔️sentences (structure of larger units)
semantics ✔️meaning
discourse ✔️organization of language beyond the sentence (discussion, forms of interpretations)
forensic ✔️pertaining to courts, justice, public debate; pertaining to legal proceedings
,forensic linguistics ✔️application of linguistic knowledge and language analysis methods to the law and
legal proceedings
forensic linguistics (history of term) ✔️used in 1980s; by 1990s term and discipline established
forensic linguistic areas (2 'naive' areas) ✔️1. spoken language
2. written language
spoken language ✔️voice/speaker identification (forensic phonetics; forensic dialectology)
- authentication of recordings, linguistic profiling, transcription issues
written language ✔️authorship attribution (forensic stylistics)
- threats, suicide notes, IM, SMS, email
- plagiarism
US legal system ✔️based on common law
Canadian legal system ✔️based on common law AND civil law (Quebec)
common law ✔️in general, rules are not written down as legislation
framework comes from judge-made decisional law which gives precedential authority to prior court
decisions on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions
civil law (Roman law) ✔️most prevalent feature is that its core principles are codified into a referable
system which serves as the primary source of law
public law vs. private (civil) law ✔️public laws (ex. constitutional, criminal, administrative); between
society and individuals
, private laws/civil law (ex. contracts, family law, wills, estates, labour law); between individuals
presumption of innocence ✔️the principle that one is considered innocent unless proven guilty
- legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must collect and present compelling evidence
to the trier of fact
part of common law
Canadian law system ✔️two legal systems: common law and civil law
division of powers: federal vs. provincial
public laws vs. private laws
morphological meaning (example case) ✔️(McDonald's/McSleep, see notes)
authorship attribution/analysis (example case) ✔️(Jenny Nicholl, see notes)
forensic linguistics areas (2) ✔️1. language of the legal process
2. language as evidence
language of the legal process ✔️thorough grounding in forensic approaches to language analysis
- critical, theoretical, and methodological approaches to language in language settings
- language of the law
- emergency service calls and police interviewing
- trial discourse
language as evidence ✔️the work of the forensic linguist
- forensic phonetics
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