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NCE / CPCE STUDY GUIDE EXAM SET QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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NCE / CPCE STUDY GUIDE EXAM SET QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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NCE / CPCE STUDY GUIDE EXAM SETQUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
________ was a university professor in the late 19th and early 20th century who was an
advocate for the career guidance movement and wrote several books about the
importance of vocational counseling.
In 1909, ______ most well-known book, Choosing a Vocation, was published
posthumously and outlined the trait-factor theory of career development. - Answer-
Frank Parsons
The first stage of ______ consists of developing trust between counselor and client, with
the result being a better understanding of the problems the client has in terms of career
decisions. - Answer-Career Counseling
Within the career counseling process there are several steps: [6] - Answer-1.
establishing a relationship.
2. identifying the problem.
3. conducting an assessment.
4. providing information.
5. making a decision.
6. Implementing the plan.
Much like in counseling practice, issues of confidentiality arise in research as well.
Only ______ gathering data should have access to information obtained on subjects
during the study.
Information gathered during studies should only be released to others with the written
consent of the subjects. - Answer-Researchers and research assistants
________ was passed in 1972 as part of the educational amendments, and bans sex
discrimination in K-12 schools and colleges.
While _______ technically applies to both academics and athletics, the focus has
mostly been on giving women equal opportunities with men in sports, and giving women
the same proportion of participation in athletic opportunities as men have. - Answer-Title
IX
Researchers might apply a test after the analysis of variance is calculated (post hoc) if it
is unclear as to which mean scores are significantly different from each other. Post hoc
tests that may be able to clarify this problem include
___________. [4] - Answer-1. Scheffe's method
2. Tukey's HSD
3. Newman-Keuls
4. Duncan's new multiple range test
,Researchers might apply a test after the analysis of variance is calculated. - Answer-
Post Hoc
The ___________ test is a nonparametric measure used when scores collected from
two independent samples do not follow normal distributions. - Answer-Mann-Whitney U
A needs assessment is an important element of program planning, as it defines the
differences between what currently exists and what is needed or desired to change the
situation.
When collecting data, random sampling should be used when possible in order to obtain
an accurate representation of needs.
This ensures that the data is _______ and can be applied to the broader system. -
Answer-Valid
There are four levels of measurement: [4] - Answer-1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
________ refers to numbers that represent categories or qualities of the variable, such
as race, gender, and age.
Nonparametric statistical measures, which are often used with descriptive data, should
be used with nominal data. - Answer-Nominal data
________________ measures, which are often used with descriptive data, should be
used with nominal data. - Answer-Nonparametric statistical
Proponents of ____________ believe that career development results from constant
interaction between the individual, the environment, and the dynamics between
individual and environment.
From a __________ standpoint, the goal of career counseling is for the individual to
make sense of his or her situation. - Answer-Contextualism
__________ assert that individuals cannot be separated from their environments and
that reality is created by individuals' perceptions and ways of organizing information. -
Answer-Contextualists
________ model of consultation in counseling is a mental health consultation model.
In ________ model, two professionals discuss issues specific to mental health
diagnoses, such as eating disorders, and treatment.
The center of discussion can be an individual client or family, the consultee and the
client, treatment or a specific program, or the consultee and administration. - Answer-
Caplan's
,Irvin Yalom is known for his contributions to group counseling theory. He identified four
stages: [4]
"Storming" is the second group stage in a theory identified by Tuckman, not Yalom. -
Answer-1. Orientation
2. Conflict
3. Cohesion
4. Termination.
Any individual who threatens to kill himself or herself should be taken seriously, even if
those close to the individual do not think he or she would actually follow through.
The counselor should certainly tell the student's parents about the suicidal statement
and arrange a meeting between the student and teacher to discuss the incident.
However, before doing anything else the counselor should perform a ___________ to
determine whether there is imminent danger to the student.
If the counselor determines that the student is actively suicidal, then measures should
be taken to ensure his safety, such as hospitalization. - Answer-Risk assessment
Career counselors must be sensitive to clients' backgrounds and cultural norms.
Although the client may not have any values in common with other Asian individuals, it
is worthwhile for the counselor to _______________ to guide the direction as he or she
assists the client. - Answer-Explore the client's personal values
______________ counseling is often appealing to multicultural clients because of the
strong focus on family dynamics and, for some, the formality of the therapist which may
appeal to the client's expectation of professional distance. - Answer-Psychoanalytical
_____________ also emphasizes conceptual relativity and a lack of assumption, which
may appeal to multicultural clients as well.
While some multicultural clients have childhood trauma, this certainly does not apply to
all or even most of these clients. - Answer-Psychoanalysis
______________ was a Swiss psychologist and developmental theorist known for his
theory of cognitive development.
His theory is based on the belief that children learn best through interactions with
others, and it breaks down human development into sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, and formal operational stages. - Answer-Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget Human Development Stages [4] - Answer-1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
, 4. Formal Operational Stages.
__________ is best known for his development of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic
theory. - Answer-Sigmund Freud
__________ is notable for his development of attachment theory and a focus on
relationships in early childhood. - Answer-John Bowlby
__________ created the eight stages of psychosocial development, based on the idea
that individuals experience specific types of tension in different stages of life. - Answer-
Erik Erikson
______________ refers to times when, for many different reasons, one end of a
distribution of scores has more variability than the other end, resulting in a fan-like
appearance. - Answer-Heteroscedasticity
____________ refers to times when scores are equally distributed throughout the
range. - Answer-Homoscedasticity
___________ occurs in families that have diffuse boundaries and the separation
between family members is unclear.
In this example, the mother and son have difficulty distinguishing themselves from one
another, which seems to be a significant barrier to the marital relationship and the
father-son relationship.
The counselor can urge the mother to encourage her son to be more independent and
to express his own feelings, opinions, and beliefs without fear of judgment. - Answer-
Enmeshment
Sometimes researchers use __________ as a technique to collect data on specific
types of behaviors.
The data is then recorded using coding systems, record forms, and/or schedules.
An example of this is a behavioral flow sheet, in which the recorder documents certain
behaviors that occur within a specific time frame, such as every hour. - Answer-
Observation
There are ethical issues in testing that counselors must consider.
Tests and assessments carry the possibility of being biased toward certain groups of
people, usually the majority group, and require training in order to select and interpret.
With the increase in the use of computers in testing, confidentiality is becoming more of
an issue in that test results should be kept private unless the test taker _____________.
Ideally, test scores should also only be released to professionals who can competently
interpret them. - Answer-Agrees to release scores and reports.
There are many advantages to group counseling, including ___________. [3]
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