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QUESTION: What is the main nutrient for colonocytes?
a.) Glutamine
b.) Alanine
c.) Short chain fatty acids
d.) Glucose - ANSWER-(c)
Short chain fatty acids
(Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine)
QUESTION: What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis?
a.) Doxorubicin
b.) Methotrexate
c.) Bleomycin
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d.) Vincristine
e.) Cyclophosphamide - ANSWER-(c)
QUESTION: What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening?
a.) PSA
b.) CEA
c.) AFP
d.) CA 19-9
e.) CA 15-3 - ANSWER-(a)
All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis
QUESTION: What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?
a.) 4th arch
b.) 4th pouch
c.) 3rd arch
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d.) 3rd pouch - ANSWER-(d)
Derivatives of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus. The main
nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior parathyroids come from the 4th pouch
QUESTION: What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic surgery
a.) Tension pneumothorax
b.) Inferior vena cava compression
c.) CO2 embolus
d.) Anesthetic overdose - ANSWER-(c)
QUESTION: Increased levels of glutamine are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) decreased incidence of clinical infections in patients receiving bone marrow transplantation
b.) vitro suppression of hepatoma growth
c.) alleviation of depletion of muscle glutamine stores
d.) decreased glutathione levels in tumor cells during radiation therapy or chemotherapy
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e.) increased tumor growth in patients with advanced malignant disease - ANSWER-(e)
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, can be trapped by a growing tumor,
depleting the body's glutamine stores and producing cachexia. A prospective, randomized,
double-blind trial demonstrated that patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation had
significantly decreased clinical infections when they received supplemental glutamine.
Glutamine also reduced the glutathione levels in tumor cells of patients undergoing
chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The concern that administering glutamine would promote
tumor growth has proven unfounded.
QUESTION: Which of the following is an inhibitor of wound contraction?
a.) Aspirin
b.) d-penicillamine
c.) Colchicine
d.) Glucocorticoids - ANSWER-(c)
QUESTION: In contrast to adults, fetal wound healing biochemistry is characterized by which of
the following?
a.) ↑ inflmmatory phase
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