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NWHSU Microbiology Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
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NWHSU Microbiology Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
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NWHSU Microbiology Midterm ExamQuestions and Answers
1. iiWhich iiare iicellular iietiologic iiagents iiof iiinfectious iidisease? ii- iiAnswers ii-
"Eukaryotes ii(fungi, iiparasites) iiand iiprokaryotes ii(bacteria)"
2. iiWhich iiare iia-cellular iietiologic iiagents iiof iiinfectious iidisease? ii- iiAnswers ii-"Viruses,
iivirons, iiand iiprions"
3. iiWhich iigroups iiof iimicroorganisms iiare iieukaryotic/prokaryotic? ii- iiAnswers ii-"a)
iiEukaryotic: iiProtista ii-> iiPlantae, iifungi, iianimalia iib) iiProkaryotic: iiProkaryotae
ii(monera)"
4. iiName iimajor iidifferences iibetween iieukaryotic iiand iiprokaryotic iicells. ii- iiAnswers ii-
"a) iiEuk: iiNucleus, iinuclear iienvelope, iimore iiorganelles, iicytoskeleton ii(Plants iiand
iifungi iihave iicell iiwalls) iib) iiProk: iiNucleoid, iicell iiwall, iiflagellum ii(Both iihave
iicytoplasmic iimembrane, iino iicholesterol iiin iiprok.)"
5. iiWhat iiorder iiof iimagnitude iiis iithe iisize iiof iia iibacterium? ii- iiAnswers ii-10^-6 iior iimicro
iimeters
"6. iiWhat iiis iithe iistructure iiand iifunction iiof iiglycocalyces, iiflagella, iifimbriae, iipili?" ii-
iiAnswers ii-"Glycocalyx:Gelatinous iisticky iisubstance iisurrounding iithe iioutside iiof iithe
iicell, iicomposed iiof iipolysaccharides, iipolypeptides iior iiboth. ii2 iitypes iiexist: ii1) iiA
iicapsule iiacts iias iicamoflage ii(prevents iibacteria iifrom iibeing iirecognized iiand iislows
iidown iiphagocytosis, ii*virulence iiFactor. ii2) iiSlime iilayer iiwhich iiis iiwater iisoluble iiand
iiallows iiprokaryotes iito iiattach iito iithe iisurface, iicomposes iia iibiofilm. iiFlagella: iimotility,
iinot iipresent iion iiall iibacteria. iiFimbria: iisticky iibristle iilike iiprojections, iiadherence iito
iione iianother, iihost iicells, iiand iienvironment. iiShorter iithan iiflagella. iiPili: iihollow iitubes
iiused iifor iiDNA iitransfer ii(Conjugation). iiLonger iithan iifimbriae iishorter iithan iiflagella. ii1-
2 iiper iicell."
a. iiWhich iiof iithese iistructures iiare iiknown iivirulence iifactors? ii- iiAnswers ii-
"Glycocalyces, iiflagella, iifimbriae, iipili"
b. iiWhich iiof iithese iistructures iicontribute iito iibiofilm iiformation? ii- iiAnswers ii-
"Glycocalyx ii(slime iilayer), iifimbrae"
c. iiName iithe iivarious iitypes iiof iiflagella iiarrangements iithat iican iibe iiused iito iiidentify
iibacteria. ii- iiAnswers ii-"Monotrichous, iiamphitrichous, iilophotrichous, iiperitrichous"
, d. iiWhich iistain iimakes iiglycocalyces/capsules iivisible iiin iithe iimicroscope? ii- iiAnswers ii-
Gram iistain?
e. iiHow iido iispirochetes iimove? ii- iiAnswers ii-Corkscrew iimotion
7. iiName iithe iimajor iicomponents iiof iia iigram-positive/gram-negative iicell iiwall. iiWhat iiis
iithe iiappearance iiof iigram-positive/gram-negative iibacteria? ii- iiAnswers ii-"Gram
iipositive iicell iiwall: iiThick iilayer iiof iipeptidoglycan, iicontaining iiunique iipolyalcohols
iicalled iiteichoic iiacids. iiGram iistain iiappearance iiis iipurple. iiGram iinegatice iicell iiwalls:
iiThin iilayer iiof iipeptidoglycan, iiwith iian iiouter iimembrance iicontaining iiproteins, iiand
iiippolysaccharides. iiProduce iiendotoxins, iiand iiappear iipink iiwith iithe iiGram iistain. iiThe
iiendo iitoxin iiis iia iilipid iiA iimolecule iiembeded iiin iithe iiouter iimembrane. ii"
8. iiWhat iiis iithe iiclinical iiimportance iiof iithe iidifference iibetween iigram-positive iiand
iigram-negative iibacteria? ii- iiAnswers ii-"Gram iipositive iibacteria iiare iimore iiresistant iito
iiphysical iimethods iiof iicontrol, iiwhich iiis iiimportant iifor iiclinical iisettings. iiGram iipositive
iibacteria iiare iigenerally iimore iisuscetible iito iipenicillin iiand iibacteriostatic iidyes. iiGram
iinegative iibacteria iiinfections iiare iimore iisevere iiwhen iithe iibacteria iiare iikilled iior
iibroken iiup iidue iito iithe iiproduction iiof iiendotoxins."
9. iiFor iiwhich iitypes iiof iibacteria iiis iithe iiacid-fast iistain iiused? iiWhy iiis iiit iineeded? ii-
iiAnswers ii-"Organisms iiwith iia iicell iiwall iithat iiis iirich iiin iilipids iiand iiwaxes. iiThe iitwo
iigeneral iithat iiare iiacid iifast iiinclude iiMycobacterium iiand iinocardia. iiThe iiacid iifast iistain
iiis iiused iibecause iithe iiwalls iiare iirelatively iiimpermeable, iiso iiheat iiis iiused iito iidrive
iithe iistain iiinto iithe iicell iiwall. iiThe iiimpermable iiwall iialso iimakes iithese iiorganisms
iiresilient iito iidisinfectants. iiExtra iicare iimust iibe iitaken iiwhen iidealing iiwith iipatients
iiinfected iiwith iiacid iifast iigenera."
11. iiHow iiare iicytoplasmic iimembranes iiof iiprokaryotes iidifferent iifrom iithose iiof
iieukaryotes? ii- iiAnswers ii-There's iino iicholesterol iiin iithe iiprokaryotic iimembrane
13. iiCompare iiaerobic iicellular iirespiration iiand iifermentation. ii- iiAnswers ii-See iitable
a. iiWhat iigets iirecycled iiin iifermentation iifor iiand iifor iiwhat iipurpose? ii- iiAnswers ii-NAD+
iifrom iiNADH ii(NADH ii-> iiNAD+)
"b. iiWhat iiare iisome iiexamples iiof iinon-medical iiapplications iiof iifermentation
ii(industrial, iifood,ƒ??)?" ii- iiAnswers ii-"CO2 iiand iiethanol iifor iiwine iiand iibeer, iiacetone
iiand iiis iipropanol iifor iinailpolish..."
"14. iiWhat iiare iiselective iigrowth iiconditions ii(know iiMacConkeyƒ??s iiagar, iias iiit iiis
iialso iicoming iiup iiin iiyour iilab iifinal)" ii- iiAnswers ii-Media iithat iiallows iithe iigrowth iiof
iicertain iiorganisms iiwhile iiinhibiting iiothers. iiMacconkeys iiagar iiis iiboth iiselective iiand
iidifferential.
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