Physiology 1, test 1, T2 NWHSU
questions and answers
homeostasis ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiability iiof iithe iibody iito iimaintain iia iirelatively iiconstant
iiinternal iienvironment, iiregardless iiof iienvironmental iichanges.
stressors ii- iiAnswers ii-Positive iiand iinegative ii__________ iiare iideviations iifrom iisome
iinorm iior iisteady iistate iiin iithe iibody.
negative ii- iiAnswers ii-Body iiacts iito iireverse iithe iidirection iiof iithis iitype iiof iistressor.
iiMost iihomeostatic iicontrol iimechanisms iiare iithis iitype.
positive iistressor ii- iiAnswers ii-Change iioccurs iiin iivariable iiways, iibody iidoes iinot
iirespond iiwith iitrying iito iigo iito iihomeostasis, iiexamples iiare iilabor, iibreastfeeding,
iiblood iiclotting.
pathology ii- iiAnswers ii-If iithe iiexternal iisressors iiproduce iidramatic iichanges iiin iithe
iicell's iienvironment iithat iimake iiit iiimpossible iifor iithe iicell iito iimaintain iihomeostasis, iiit
iimay iiresult iiin ii_________.
cellular iiadaptation ii- iiAnswers ii-If iia iicell iiis iiunable iito iimaintain iiits iioriginal
iihomeostatic iistate, iiit iimust iidraw iiupon iireserves iiand iiadapt iito iithe iinew iienvironment.
iiWhat iiis iithis iicalled?
hyperplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Cell iiproliferation/dividing iiof iisame iicell.
hypertrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Increase iiin iisize iiof iithe iicell, iioccurs iidue iito iia iinormal
iistressor ii(physiologic) iior iiabnormal ii(pathologic).
atrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Decrease iiin iisize iiof iithe iicell.
metaplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Reversible iichange iifrom iione iitype iiof iicell iito iianother.
adaption ii- iiAnswers ii-When iithe iiintegrity iiof iithe iicell iiis iichallenged iithey iican iirespond
iiby ii________ iior iidecline iitowards iidysfunction.
glucose iimetabolism, iistress iiresponse, iithermoregulation ii- iiAnswers ii-What iiare iithe
iithree iimain iiareas iiof iihomeostatic iiimbalance iiin iithe iibody?
70% ii- iiAnswers ii-Both iiadults iiand iiinfants iihave ii________% iiof iitheir iibody iimass
iimade iiof iiwater.
, females, iiobese ii- iiAnswers ii-________, iiolder iiadults, iiand ii_________ iiindividuals
iihave iia iilower iiproportion iiof iiwater iiin iitheir iibodies.
interstitial iior iiintercellular iifluid, iiplasma, iiCSF ii- iiAnswers ii-What iiare iithe iithree iitypes
iiof iiextracellular iifluid?
Macroscopic iiElectroneutrality ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiprinciple iiof
ii_________________________ iistates iithat iieach iibody iifluid iicompartment iimust iihave
iithe iisame iiconcentration iiof iipositive iicharges iias iiof iinegative iicharges. ii(ca+ions iiand
iianions)
sodium(Na+), iichloride ii(Cl-) iiand iibicarbonate ii(HCO3-) ii- iiAnswers ii-The iimajor iication
iiin iiextracellular iifluid iiis ii________ iiand iithe iibalancing iianions iiare ii_________ iiand
ii__________.
low ii- iiAnswers ii-Intracellular iifluid iihas iia iivery ii______ iiconcentration iiof iiionized iiCa2+.
high ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiCa2+ iiconcentration iiin iithe iiextracellular iifluid iiis ii_______.
acidic ii- iiAnswers ii-Intracellular iifluid iiis iimore ii_______ iithan iithe iiECF.
high ii- iiAnswers ii-The iicell iimembrane iiallows ii______ iipermeability iito iilipid iisoluble
iisubstances iilike iiCO2, iiO2, iifatty iiacids, iiand iisteroid iihormones.
low ii- iiAnswers ii-The iicell iimembrane iiallows ii_____ iipermeability iiof iicell iimembranes
iito iiwater iisoluble iisubstances iisuch iias iiions, iiglucose, iiand iiamino iiacids.
passive ii- iiAnswers ii-This iitype iiof iimembrane iitransport iiuses iino iicellular iienergy iiand
iiinvolves iithe iisubstance iimoving iidown iiits iiconcentration iigradient.
active ii- iiAnswers ii-This iitype iiof iimembrane iitransport iiuses iiATP iiand iionly iioccurs iiin
iiliving iicell iimembranes.
diffusion, iiosmosis, iifacilitated iidiffusion ii- iiAnswers ii-What iiare iithe iithree iitypes iiof
iipassive iitransport?
cotransport, iicounter iitransport, iiendocytosis, iiexocytosis, iiactive iitransport ii- iiAnswers ii-
What iiare iithe ii5 iitypes iiof iiactive iitransport?
high, iilow ii- iiAnswers ii-Simple iidiffusion iiinvolves iithe iimovement iiof iimolecules iifrom iian
iiarea iiof ii______ iiconcentration iito iian iiarea iiof ii_____ iiconcentration. iiThe iidriving iiforce
iiis iiconcentration iigradient.
facilitated iidiffusion ii- iiAnswers ii-Movement iiof iispecific iimolecules iiacross iicell
iimembranes iithrough iiprotein iichannels. iiNo iiATP, iithe iidiffusion iihere iioccurs iiat iia
questions and answers
homeostasis ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiability iiof iithe iibody iito iimaintain iia iirelatively iiconstant
iiinternal iienvironment, iiregardless iiof iienvironmental iichanges.
stressors ii- iiAnswers ii-Positive iiand iinegative ii__________ iiare iideviations iifrom iisome
iinorm iior iisteady iistate iiin iithe iibody.
negative ii- iiAnswers ii-Body iiacts iito iireverse iithe iidirection iiof iithis iitype iiof iistressor.
iiMost iihomeostatic iicontrol iimechanisms iiare iithis iitype.
positive iistressor ii- iiAnswers ii-Change iioccurs iiin iivariable iiways, iibody iidoes iinot
iirespond iiwith iitrying iito iigo iito iihomeostasis, iiexamples iiare iilabor, iibreastfeeding,
iiblood iiclotting.
pathology ii- iiAnswers ii-If iithe iiexternal iisressors iiproduce iidramatic iichanges iiin iithe
iicell's iienvironment iithat iimake iiit iiimpossible iifor iithe iicell iito iimaintain iihomeostasis, iiit
iimay iiresult iiin ii_________.
cellular iiadaptation ii- iiAnswers ii-If iia iicell iiis iiunable iito iimaintain iiits iioriginal
iihomeostatic iistate, iiit iimust iidraw iiupon iireserves iiand iiadapt iito iithe iinew iienvironment.
iiWhat iiis iithis iicalled?
hyperplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Cell iiproliferation/dividing iiof iisame iicell.
hypertrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Increase iiin iisize iiof iithe iicell, iioccurs iidue iito iia iinormal
iistressor ii(physiologic) iior iiabnormal ii(pathologic).
atrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Decrease iiin iisize iiof iithe iicell.
metaplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Reversible iichange iifrom iione iitype iiof iicell iito iianother.
adaption ii- iiAnswers ii-When iithe iiintegrity iiof iithe iicell iiis iichallenged iithey iican iirespond
iiby ii________ iior iidecline iitowards iidysfunction.
glucose iimetabolism, iistress iiresponse, iithermoregulation ii- iiAnswers ii-What iiare iithe
iithree iimain iiareas iiof iihomeostatic iiimbalance iiin iithe iibody?
70% ii- iiAnswers ii-Both iiadults iiand iiinfants iihave ii________% iiof iitheir iibody iimass
iimade iiof iiwater.
, females, iiobese ii- iiAnswers ii-________, iiolder iiadults, iiand ii_________ iiindividuals
iihave iia iilower iiproportion iiof iiwater iiin iitheir iibodies.
interstitial iior iiintercellular iifluid, iiplasma, iiCSF ii- iiAnswers ii-What iiare iithe iithree iitypes
iiof iiextracellular iifluid?
Macroscopic iiElectroneutrality ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiprinciple iiof
ii_________________________ iistates iithat iieach iibody iifluid iicompartment iimust iihave
iithe iisame iiconcentration iiof iipositive iicharges iias iiof iinegative iicharges. ii(ca+ions iiand
iianions)
sodium(Na+), iichloride ii(Cl-) iiand iibicarbonate ii(HCO3-) ii- iiAnswers ii-The iimajor iication
iiin iiextracellular iifluid iiis ii________ iiand iithe iibalancing iianions iiare ii_________ iiand
ii__________.
low ii- iiAnswers ii-Intracellular iifluid iihas iia iivery ii______ iiconcentration iiof iiionized iiCa2+.
high ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiCa2+ iiconcentration iiin iithe iiextracellular iifluid iiis ii_______.
acidic ii- iiAnswers ii-Intracellular iifluid iiis iimore ii_______ iithan iithe iiECF.
high ii- iiAnswers ii-The iicell iimembrane iiallows ii______ iipermeability iito iilipid iisoluble
iisubstances iilike iiCO2, iiO2, iifatty iiacids, iiand iisteroid iihormones.
low ii- iiAnswers ii-The iicell iimembrane iiallows ii_____ iipermeability iiof iicell iimembranes
iito iiwater iisoluble iisubstances iisuch iias iiions, iiglucose, iiand iiamino iiacids.
passive ii- iiAnswers ii-This iitype iiof iimembrane iitransport iiuses iino iicellular iienergy iiand
iiinvolves iithe iisubstance iimoving iidown iiits iiconcentration iigradient.
active ii- iiAnswers ii-This iitype iiof iimembrane iitransport iiuses iiATP iiand iionly iioccurs iiin
iiliving iicell iimembranes.
diffusion, iiosmosis, iifacilitated iidiffusion ii- iiAnswers ii-What iiare iithe iithree iitypes iiof
iipassive iitransport?
cotransport, iicounter iitransport, iiendocytosis, iiexocytosis, iiactive iitransport ii- iiAnswers ii-
What iiare iithe ii5 iitypes iiof iiactive iitransport?
high, iilow ii- iiAnswers ii-Simple iidiffusion iiinvolves iithe iimovement iiof iimolecules iifrom iian
iiarea iiof ii______ iiconcentration iito iian iiarea iiof ii_____ iiconcentration. iiThe iidriving iiforce
iiis iiconcentration iigradient.
facilitated iidiffusion ii- iiAnswers ii-Movement iiof iispecific iimolecules iiacross iicell
iimembranes iithrough iiprotein iichannels. iiNo iiATP, iithe iidiffusion iihere iioccurs iiat iia
