Which of the following best explains the importance prior knowledge brings to the act
of reading?
a. Prior knowledge is information the student gets through researching a topic prior to
reading the text. A student who is well-prepared through such research is better able to
decode a text and retain its meaning.
b. Prior knowledge is knowledge the student brings from previous life or learning
experiences to the act of reading. It is not possible for a student to fully comprehend new
knowledge without first integrating it into prior knowledge.
c. Prior knowledge is predictive. It motivates the student to look for contextual clues in the
reading and predict what is likely to happen next.
d. Prior knowledge is not important to any degree to the act of reading, because every text is
self-contained and therefore seamless. Prior knowledge is irrelevant in this application. -
ANSWER Answer: B. Prior knowledge is knowledge the student brings from previous life or
learning experiences to the act of reading. It is not possible for a student to fully comprehend
new knowledge without first integrating it into prior knowledge.
A cloze text evaluates a student's:
a. Reading fluency
b. Understanding of context and vocabulary
c. Phonemic skills
,d. Ability to apply the alphabetic principle to previously unknown material - ANSWER Answer:
B. Understanding of context and vocabulary
Sight words are:
a. Common words with irregular spelling
b. Words that can be easily found on educational websites
c. Any word that can be seen, including text words, words on signs, brochures, banners, and
so forth
d. There is no such thing; because oral language is learned before written language, all
words are ultimately based on sound. The correct word is sound words and includes all
words necessary to decode a particular text - ANSWER Answer: A. Common words with
irregular spellings
(Ph)one, (th)ey, (ch)urch. The letters in parentheses are examples of:
a. Consonant blend
b. Cononant shift
c. Continental shift
d. Consonant digraph - ANSWER Answer: D. Consonant digraph
Phonemic awareness is a type of:
a. Phonological awareness. Phonemic awareness is the ability to recognize sounds within words
b. Phonics. It is a teaching technique whereby readers learn the relationship between
letters and sounds
c. Alphabetization. Unless the reader knows the alphabet, phonemic awareness is useless
d. Syntactical awareness. Understanding the underlying structure of a sentence is key
to understanding meaning - ANSWER Answer: A. Phonological awareness
,All members of a group of kindergarten students early in the year are able to chant the
alphabet. The teacher is now teaching the students what the alphabet looks like in written
form. The teacher points to a letter and the students vocalize the correspondent sound.
Alternatively, the teacher vocalizes a phoneme and a student points to it on the alphabet
chart. The teacher is using _______________ in her instruction.
a. Letter-sound correspondence
b. Rote memorization
c. Predictive analysis
d. Segmentation - ANSWER Answer: A. Letter-sound correspondence
A fourth-grade teacher is preparing her students for a reading test in which a number of words
have been replaced with blanks. The test will be multiple-choice; there are three possible
answers given for each blank. The teacher instructs the children to read all the possible
answers and cross out any answer that obviously doesn't fit. Next, the students should "plug in"
the remaining choices and eliminate any that are grammatically incorrect or illogical. Finally,
the student should consider contextual clues in order to select the best answer. This is an
example of:
a. Strategy instruction
b. Diagnostic instruction
c. Skills instruction
d. Multiple- choice instruction - ANSWER Answer: A. Strategy instruction
The term "common words" means:
a. One-syllable words with fewer than three letters. Some examples are it, an, a, I, go, to,
and in. They are the first words an emergent writer learns
b. One-syllable words with fewer than five letters. Some examples include sing, goes, sit,
rock, walk, and took
, c. Words that are ordinary or unexceptional; because they tend to flatten a piece of
writing, they should be avoided
d. Familiar, frequently used words that do not need to be taught beyond primary grades -
ANSWER Answer: D. Familiar, frequently used words that do not need to be taught
beyond primary grades
Which is greater, the number of English phonemes or the number of letters in the alphabet?
a. The number of letters in the alphabet, because they can be combined to create phonemes
b. The number of phonemes. A phoneme is the smallest measure of language sound
c. They are identical; each letter "owns" a correspondent sound
d. Neither. Phonemes and alphabet letters are completely unrelated - ANSWER Answer: B.
The number of phonemes. A phoneme is the smallest measure of language sound
(Tr)ain, (br)ain, (sp)ring. The letters in parentheses are examples of:
a. Consonant digraph
b. Consonant blend
c. Consonant shift
d. Continental shift - ANSWER Answer: B. Consonant blend
It is the beginning of the school year. To determine which second-grade students might need
support, the reading teacher wants to identify those who are reading below grade level. She
works with students one at a time. She gives each child a book at a second- grade reading level
and asks the child to read out loud for two minutes. Children who will need reading support
are those who read:
a. Fewer than 100 words in the time given
b. Fewer than 200 words in the time given
c. More than 75 words in the time given
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