GEOG 204 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ECOLOGICAL JUSTICE STUDY GUIDE NOTES SOLUTION 2023 (CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY)
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NEHA RS/REHS EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE(NEWEST!!)
How does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines the mission of public health? -
ANSWER: As "fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can
be healthy".
What are the 10 Essential Public Health Services (ES)? - ANSWER: 1. Monitor health
2. Diagnose and investigate
3. Inform, educate, and empower
4. Mobilize community partnerships
5. Develop policies and plans
6. Enforce laws and regulations
7. Link people to needed personal health services
8. Assure a competent workforce
9. Evaluate
10. Research
What are three forces that may help shape the future of the environmental health
profession? - ANSWER: 1. Climate change and resulting ecosystem changes and
natural disasters
2. Population growth and the global rise in standard of living resulting in faster
deterioration of the natural environment
3. Novel or pharmaceutical-resistant pathogens
What does AREC stand for? - ANSWER: anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control
Compliance and enforcement intervention strategies can be divided into what two
groups? - ANSWER: 1. Those designed to achieve immediate on-site correction.
2. Those designed to achieve long-term compliance.
What is a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)? - ANSWER: A standard operation
procedure (SOP) is a written process that provides consistent guidance to employees
within an organization as to how they should properly complete a given task in a
uniform manner. It provides detailed steps and details the tools necessary to
complete the task.
What is Malfeasance? - ANSWER: The doing of an act that is wrongful and that is
known to be wholly unauthorized by the official.
What is Misfeasance? - ANSWER: The doing of an authorized act in an unauthorized
manner.
,What is Nonfeasance? - ANSWER: The failure to perform an official duty without
sufficient excuse.
What are the two main types of epidemiological studies that can be used in an
epidemiological investigation? - ANSWER: Descriptive and Analytical.
Active Immunity - ANSWER: Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers
the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease. Active immunity can be
acquired through natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity
Passive Immunity - ANSWER: When a person is given antibodies to a disease rather
than producing them through his or her own immune system.
Agent (biology/epi) - ANSWER: A factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical
substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of
deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or
other adverse health outcome.
Mode of Transmission - ANSWER: The manner in which an agent is transmitted from
its reservoir to a susceptible host.
Carrier - ANSWER: A person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease
and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. A
carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs
of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or
postconvalescence. The period of being a carrier can be short (a transient carrier) or
long (a chronic carrier).
Morbidity - ANSWER: (disease) Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state
of physiological or psychological health and well-being.
Mortality - ANSWER: Death
Demographic Information - ANSWER: Personal characteristics of a person or group
(e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is
used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations.
Pandemic - ANSWER: An epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple
countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the
population.
Endemic - ANSWER: The constant presence of an agent or health condition within a
given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an
agent or condition.
Epidemic - ANSWER: The occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health
condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during
, a particular period. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to
be related to one another in some way.
Frequency - ANSWER: The amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or
health outcome among a population.
Portal of Entry - ANSWER: A pathway into the host that gives an agent access to
tissue that will allow it to multiply or act.
Prevalence - ANSWER: The number or proportion of cases or events or attributes
among a given population.
Host - ANSWER: A person or other living organism that is susceptible to or harbors an
infectious agent under natural conditions.
Reservoir - ANSWER: The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows,
and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment.
Descriptive Epidemiology - ANSWER: The aspect of epidemiology concerned with
organizing and summarizing data regarding the persons affected (e.g., the
characteristics of those who became ill), time (e.g., when they become ill), and place
(e.g., where they might have been exposed to the cause of illness).
Applied Epidemiology - ANSWER: The application or practice of epidemiology to
control and prevent health problems.
Lag Phase - ANSWER: The period of time between the introduction of a
microorganism into a culture medium and the time it begins to increase
exponentially
Physical factors - ANSWER: Examples include geology and climate, harmful
substances, such as air pollution or proximity to toxic sites (the focus of classic
environmental epidemiology); access to various health-related resources (e.g.,
healthy or unhealthy foods, recreational resources, medical care); and community
design and the "built environment" (e.g., land use mix, street connectivity,
transportation systems).
Log phase (growth phase) - ANSWER: The period of growth of a population of cells
(as of a microorganism) in a culture medium during which numbers increase
exponentially and which is represented by a part of the growth curve that is a
straight line segment if the logarithm of numbers is plotted against time
Equal Protection - ANSWER: A right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights requiring the
comparable treatment of people and situations. It guides governmental actions in
not burdening or benefiting people differentially without reasonable grounds.
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