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OCT 225 Exam Neuroscience |Questions with Complete Solutions
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OCT 225 Exam Neuroscience |Questions with Complete Solutions
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OCT 225 Exam Neuroscience |Questionswith Complete Solutions
gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, role in regulating neuronal excitability
in the nervous system
responsible for regulation of muscle tone
spastic diplegia
GABA absorption becomes impaired by nerves damaged from the condition's upper
motor neuron lesion, which leads to hypertonia of the muscles signaled by those nerves
that can no longer absorb GABA
glutamate (GLU)
a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation, learning, and
memory the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter
dopamine (DA)
neurotransmitter who has roles in behavior, cognition, voluntary movement, motivation,
punishment, reward, inhibition of prolactin production, sleep, mood, attention, working
memory, and learning
where is dopamine found?
chiefly in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, the substantia nigra, and the arcuat
nucleus of the hypothalamus
serotonin (5-HT)
, well-known contributor to feelings of well-being, happiness hormone
regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, muscle contraction, memory, learning
serotonin syndrome
caused by excessive amounts of serotonin
cognitive effects - headache, agitation, hypomania, mental confusion, hallucinations,
coma
autonomic effects - shivering, sweating, hyperthermia, hypertension,
tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea
somatic effects: myoclonus (muscle twitching, hyperreflexia, tremor
norepinephrine (NE)
both a hormone and neurotransmitter
hormone - works with sympathetic nervous system with fight or flight
neurotransmitter - helps transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to the next
has a role in depression and mania
substance P
functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator
released from the terminals of specific sensory nerves, found in the brain and
spinal cord
associated with inflammatory processes and pain
endorphins
naturally occurring endogenous opiod peptides that serve as neurotransmitters
produced by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus during exercise, excitement,
pain, consumption of spicy food, love, and orgasm
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