Exam (elaborations)
NC 2024,2025 EMT STATE EXAM
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NC 2024,2025 EMT STATE EXAM
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NC 2024,2025 EMT STATE EXAM"5 Rights" of medication administration. - right patient, right medication, right route, right
dose, and right time.
#1 Way of getting bloodborne disease is? - By sexual intercourse
#1 Way of preventing transmission of diseases is by? - Handwashing
2nd stage of labor - The hallmark finding in the second stage of labor is the complete
delivery of the baby.
3rd stage of labor - The third stage occurs when the placenta delivers.
4 STEPS IN Determination of Negligence - 1. Duty to Act
2. Failure to Act (Breach of Duty)
3. Damages, Harm, or Injury
4. Proximate Cause (Causation): Reasonable Cause-and-Effect relationship between
Breach of Duty and the Damages suffered by patient.
5 Sections of Spinal Column. (from top to bottom)? - 1. Cervical (7 vertebrae)-neck
2. Thoracic (12 vertebrae)-
3. Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
4. Sacrum (5 vertebrae)
5. Coccyx (4 vertebrae)
5 Stages of Death and Dying? - 1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
A 71-year-old female has fallen and complains of left hip pain. On examination you note
her left foot is rotated laterally. This finding most likely indicates a - femur fracture
A oxygen tank which holds 350 liters - D Cylinder (portable)
A virulent disease that can remain communicable in dried blood days and even weeks
after it was spilled - Hepatitis C
AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm) - 1. Rare (hard to detect)
2. Occurs Slowly
3. If it tears or ruptures, massive hemorhhage may occur
4. Radiating pain to back
5. Requires PROMPT Transport
,6. unequal pulses lower extremities
7. history of hypertension
Abdominal Pain Assessment - Check area with most pain last.
Abdominal Pain Transport - 1. Usually in lateral recumbent position (one side) with
knees bent
Abduction - Away from midline
Abruptio placenta - placenta separates prematurely
Activated Charcoal - Absorbs poisons-Binds with them; may cause black stools
Can cause vomiting
Types; SuperChar, InstaChar, Actidose, LiquiChar
Dosage:
12.5 gm charcoal in liquid; 1 gm per kg
Adult (25-50gm)
Pedi (12.5-25 gm)
Activated Charcoal (Ingestion) - 1. Be sure not acid or alkali
2. Can Swallow
3. Awake
4. Medical control order
Adduction - Toward midline
Adrenal glands location? - On superior portion of upper quadrant
AED " no pulse or response"? - Always do CAB's then use AED
AED "no shock advised" what to do? - Do CPR for 2 mins with AED and reanalyze.
AED "semiautomatic"? - Means operator has to push down to shock after "shock
advised" prompt
AED pads placement with medication patch? - Do not place on top of medication patch
or directly over defibrillator or pacemaker.
Air embolism & decompression sickness difference? - Air embolism occurs immediately
on return to surface, whereas decompression sickness will not occur until several hours
Alcoholism - 1. Central nervous system depressant, complicates assessment
2. Delirum Tremens (withdrawl))-24/48 hours without alcohol. Will hallucinate, shake,
seizure, possible death
,Allergic Reaction/Anaphylasix Treatment - 1. oxygen
2. Transport
3. If auto injector (help administer)
Altered mental status in hyperglycemia is caused by - dehydration of the brain cells.
Alveoli Defined, location and Importance? - Located at end of the airway, are millions of
thin-walled, balloon-like sacs that serve as the functional site for the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Always give HIGH FLOW oxygen to what patients? - COPD, Infants and child
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-CAR BATTERY - Always disconnect
NEGATIVE LINE FIRST; Then positive. NEVER CUT
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-Distance to park Ambulance from burning
vehicle? - No close than 100 feet & UPHILL AND UPWIND
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-GAINING ACCESS ORDER - 1. Door
2. Window
3. Body
Always this order
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-MAIN Priority - Always SAFETY first
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-Other Windows Entrance-TEMPERED
GLASS - Use Center punch in corner
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-What is CRIBBING? - Used to stabilize
vehicles (wood blocks)
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-When does assessment BEGIN? - At
Dispatch
Ambulance Operations/Rescue Awareness-WINDSHIELD; LAMINATED SAFETY
GLASSES Entrance - Use A fire ax
Amenorrhea - Without period. Sign of pregnancy
Amniotic sac - Where the fetus develops. "bag of waters" Contains about 500 to 1000
mL of amniotic fluid, help insulate and protect the fetus.
Anisocoria - Unequal pupils
Another name for "Implied Consent"? - Emergency Doctrine
, APGAR SCORE - Appearance: 0=blue/pale; 1=blue & pink; 2=no cyanosis-all pink
Pulse Rate: 0=Absent; 1=<100; 2=>100
Reflex: 0=no response to stimuli; 1=grimace; 2=cry or pull away
Activity: 0=None; 1=some flexion,2=flexed arms/legs resisting extension
Respiratory: 0=Absent; 1=weak, irregular; 2=strong, lusty cry
Appendicitis - RLQ pain
Constipation
N+V
no appetite
Slight fever unless ruptured
Frequent cause of Acute Abdomen
Rebound Tenderness (women who are pregnant may not exhibit rebound tenderness)
Artificial Ventilation: Adult, Infant and child - 1.Ventilate 6 secs for adult
2. Ventilate 3.5 secs for infant and child
3 Ventilation rate for Respiratory arrest 10-12 per min and watch for chest rise and fall
(adult and pedi)
Artificial Ventilation: Gastric Distention - It interferes with ventilation. Put on side and
apply gentle pressure on diaphragm
Artificial Ventilation: ORDER OF PREFERENCE - 1. Mouth to mask (w/ oxygen
attached)-most preferred
2. 2 person BVM
3. Flow restricted
4. Oxygen powered ventilation device
5. 1-person BVM (least preferred)
Artificial Ventilation: What to do if no chest rise or fall? - Always reposition the airway
Assessment of Trauma patient (Infant or child) - 1. Falls > 10 feet
2. Bicycle collision
3.Vehicle in medium speed collision
Asthma Signs; Treatment - Wheezing, expiratory first
Ataxia - Lack of muscle coordination
Ataxic Respirations - irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an
identifiable pattern.
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