element - ANSWERSa) smallest chemical unit
b) any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions
diatomic elements - ANSWERSBrINClHOF
compound - ANSWERStwo or more elements combined
atom - ANSWERSsmallest unit of an element
proton - ANSWERSa) subatomi...
Biology 1305 - Final Exam - Harvill !!!
Questions & Answers
element - ANSWERSa) smallest chemical unit
b) any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical
reactions
diatomic elements - ANSWERSBrINClHOF
compound - ANSWERStwo or more elements combined
atom - ANSWERSsmallest unit of an element
proton - ANSWERSa) subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge
b) found in the nucleus of an atom
neutron - ANSWERSa) subatomic particle having no electrical charge
b) found in the nucleus of an atom
electron - ANSWERSa) subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge
b) one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom
atomic number - ANSWERSthe number of protons equals the ________________
mass number - ANSWERSprotons + neutrons = ________________
atomic mass - ANSWERSa) total mass of an atom
b) close to, but slightly different from the number of protons + the number of neutrons of
an atom
isotope - ANSWERSa) different mass number, but same proton number b) therefore,
different number of neutrons and atomic mass
valence shell - ANSWERSa) outermost shell involved in bonding
b) gives an atom its chemical properties
oribitals - ANSWERSwhere the electrons exist
ion - ANSWERScharged atom with a different number of electrons
cation - ANSWERSpositively charged ion
anion - ANSWERSnegatively charged ion
,electronegativity - ANSWERSa) intrinsic property
b) gives information about electron affinity (how much an atom wants an electron)
c) tendency to attract an electron
covalent bond - ANSWERSa) type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share
one or more pairs of valence electrons
b) between non-metals
polar covalent bond - ANSWERSa) unequal sharing & partial charges
b) shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly
negative & the other atom slightly positive
example: H20
non-polar covalent bond - ANSWERSequal sharing & equal electronegativities
example: CH4 & O2
ionic bond - ANSWERSa) stealing of electrons & results in ions
b) attraction between oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - ANSWERShydrogen (H) of one atom bonded to a N, O, F of a
DIFFERENT compound
Van Der Waals bond - ANSWERSpartial charges are attracted to each other & induce
other partial charges
example: gecko
1. covalent
2. ionic
3. hydrogen
4. Van Der Waals - ANSWERSorder of the bonds from strongest to weakest
covalent - ANSWERSstrongest chemical bond
Van Der Waals - ANSWERSweakest chemical bond
polar - ANSWERSwater is ____________
(this is the source of all of water's properties)
cohesion - ANSWERSa) hold substances together
b) water hydrogen bonding to itself
c) helps hold together the column of water within cells
, adhesion - ANSWERSa) water hydrogen bonding to something else
b) helps resist the downward pull of gravity
surface tension - ANSWERSthe hydrogen bonding on the surface is difficult to break
through & allows bugs to walk on water
high specific heat - ANSWERSa) the amount of heat needed to raise 1g of water 1
degree Celcius
b) happens because of hydrogen bonding
c) moderates air temperatures
Water resists change in temperature unless a large amount of energy is inputed.
high heat of vaporization - ANSWERSa) the amount of heat required to vaporize 1g of
water
b) keeps oceans from evaporating
c) evaporative cooling
liquid → gas
density of water - ANSWERSthink of a lake: ice on the top & the densest part of water is
at the bottom (4 degrees) because of hydrogen bonding
evaporative cooling - ANSWERSa) removes heat from an organism because of
vaporization
b) surface becomes cooler during evaporation as a result of the molecules changing
from liquid to gas
solvent, polar - ANSWERSWater is the ___________ of life because it is ___________.
water - ANSWERSa) creates hydration shell around dissolved ions
b) molarity is one measurement of concentration (mol/L)
hydrophilic - ANSWERS______________ substances dissolve in water
hydrophobic - ANSWERS______________ substances do not dissolve in water
example: oil & water do not mix
acid - ANSWERSdonates a proton or accepts electron pairs in water (H+)/high [H3O+]
hydronium, H+
base - ANSWERSdonates a (-OH)/high [OH-] or accepts protons
hydroxide, OH-
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