Mechanoreceptors and Chemoreceptors of the GI Tract - Answer -Respond to stretch, changes in
osmolarity and pH, and presence of substrate and end products of digestion
-Initiate reflexes that activate or inhibit digestive glands and stimulate smooth muscle to mix and move
lumen contents
Short Reflexes - Answer enteric nerve plexuses (gut brain) respond to stimuli in GI tract
Long Reflexes - Answer -respond to stimuli inside or outside GI tract; involve CNS centers and
autonomic nerves
-Hormones from cells in stomach and small intestine stimulate target cells in same or different organs to
secrete or contract
,Peritoneum - Answer serous membrane of abdominal cavity
Visceral Peritoneum - Answer on external surface of most digestive organs
Parietal Peritoneum - Answer lines body wall
Peritoneal Cavity - Answer -Between two peritoneums
-Fluid lubricates mobile organs
Mesentery - Answer -double layer of peritoneum
-Routes for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
-Holds organs in place; stores fat
Retroperitoneal Organ - Answer posterior to peritoneum
Intraperitoneal Organs - Answer surrounded by peritoneum
Peritonitis - Answer -Inflammation of peritoneum
-Causes by piercing abdominal wound, perforating ulcer, ruptured appendix, etc.
Mouth - Answer -Bounded by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue
-Oral orifice is anterior opening
-Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Oral Vestibule - Answer recess internal to lips (labia) and cheeks, external to teeth and gums
Oral Cavity Proper - Answer lies within teeth and gums
Labial Frenulum - Answer median attachment of each lip to gum
Hard Palate - Answer -palatine bones and palatine processes of maxillae
-Slightly corrugated to help create friction against tongue
Soft Palate - Answer -fold formed mostly of skeletal muscle
-Closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
-Uvula projects downward from its free edge
Tongue - Answer -Skeletal muscle
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