Bio 270 Hynd Final Questions And Answers Rated 100% Correct!!
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Bio 270 Hynd
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Bio 270 Hynd
Steroid and thyroid hormones bind to target cells' _____________________ receptors -
️️intracellular... because they are lipophilic/hydrophobic and easily penetrate the
lipid membrane of target cell
Once formed, (steroids/peptides) immediately diffuse through plasma membrane to
reach blood ...
Bio 270 Hynd Final
Steroid and thyroid hormones bind to target cells' _____________________ receptors -
✔️✔️intracellular... because they are lipophilic/hydrophobic and easily penetrate the
lipid membrane of target cell
Once formed, (steroids/peptides) immediately diffuse through plasma membrane to
reach blood - ✔️✔️steroids
(Steroids/Peptides) dissolve in blood - ✔️✔️Peptides, steroids cannot since they are
hydrophobic
Only the (bound/unbound) hormones are active and capable of binding with target cell
receptors - ✔️✔️unbound
50% of _____________ are free hormones and 50% bound to albumin -
✔️✔️Catecholamines
__________________ and ________________ bind with receptors on the target cells
outer plasma membrane surface - ✔️✔️Peptide hormones and Catecholamines
Hydrophilic hormones (peptides) alter the cell's protein in which one of 2 ways? -
✔️✔️Peptides modify PREEXISTING protein while steroids make a completely new
protein
____________ packages and labels hormones into secretory vesicles that are stored in
cytoplasm until appropriate signal - ✔️✔️Golgi
Hormones' effects are proportional to their ... - ✔️✔️free concentration in the plasma
(unbound)!!!!
Plasma concentration under ___________________ control - ✔️✔️homeostatic
Plasma concentration of free (active) hormones depends on: - ✔️✔️1) Rate of
secretion into the blood
2) Rate of metabolic activation/conversion
3) Binding to plasma proteins (lipophilic hormones only)
4) Rate of removal by inactivation and excretion in urine
,What is the endocrine disorder - "Abnormal target cell responsiveness" - ✔️✔️Target
cells do not respond adequately to the hormone
- Active free hormone concentration normal(or
even high!)
What type of tissue is the anterior pituitary made of? - ✔️✔️Glandular tissue
What type of tissue is the posterior pituitary made of? - ✔️✔️Neural tissue
ADH is a (anterior/posterior) pituitary hormone that does what? - ✔️✔️Posterior
Pituitary
-Conserves water during urine formation
-Causes contraction of arteriolar smooth muscle
-Release controlled by hypothalamic
osmoreceptors
Oxytocin is a (anterior/posterior) pituitary hormone that does what? - ✔️✔️Anterior
Pituitary
-Stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle
-Stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
-Other maternal behaviors
Regulation of secretion of anterior pituitary hormones controlled by
_______________________ hormones released from __________________ cells of
hypothalamus - ✔️✔️hypophysiotropic, neurosecretory
The neurosecretory cells are longer in the (anterior/posterior) pituitary? - ✔️✔️posterior
Posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized ____________ and stored ___________.
- ✔️✔️synthesized in the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior pituitary
Fetal growth stimulated by ... - ✔️✔️hormones from placenta
GH's non tropic function: - ✔️✔️Metabolic
-Binds directly to adipose tissue to breakdown triglycerides into fatty acids & use of
liberated fatty acids as an energy source
, -Conserves glucose for glucose-dependent tissues (brain)
-Increases blood [glucose] by decreasing uptake by muscles
How does GH affect soft tissue? - ✔️✔️increases # of cells, and increasing size of cells
Osteoporosis makes the Vertebral column vulnerable to - ✔️✔️compression fractures
Osteoporosis makes the Femoral neck vulnerable to - ✔️✔️displaced stress fractures
Osteoclasts dissolve bone on (inner/outer) surface to enlarge marrow cavity -
✔️✔️inner
Insulin on GH - ✔️✔️Stimulates postnatal growth by stimulating secretion of IGF-1
Hyperinsulinism often spurs excessive growth
-May interact with IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1 agonist)
Role of Estrogen on growth - ✔️✔️-Stimulates secretion of GH and IGF-1 at puberty
-Stimulate closure of epiphyseal plates
Role of Testosterone on growth - ✔️✔️-Stimulates secretion of GH and IGF-1 at
puberty
-Testicular testosterone responsible for heavier male musculature (protein synthesis)
-Stimulate closure of epiphyseal plates
Role of Thyroid hormone on growth - ✔️✔️Required for the synthesis of GH
Growth severely stunted in hypothyroid children (slowed bone growth)
Hypersecretion does not cause excessive growth
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