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BIO 270 Exam 1 Hynd (Graded A+ actual test)
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Types of Muscle Tissue - ️️1) Skeletal 2) Cardiac 3) Smooth Extrinsic controls - ️️come from outside the organ - neural and hormonal control of low blood pressure Two components of extracellular fluid - ️️Plasma & Interstitial Fluid Homeostasis - ️️the maintenance of a relativ...

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  • October 12, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIO 270 Exam 1 Hynd
Types of Muscle Tissue - ✔️✔️1) Skeletal
2) Cardiac
3) Smooth

Extrinsic controls - ✔️✔️come from outside the organ
- neural and hormonal control of low blood pressure

Two components of extracellular fluid - ✔️✔️Plasma & Interstitial Fluid

Homeostasis - ✔️✔️the maintenance of a relatively stable living environment
- essential for survival and function of all cells

Function depends on - ✔️✔️Structure

Extracellular fluid - ✔️✔️fluid environment in which cells live (fluid outside of the cells)

Intracellular fluid - ✔️✔️fluid contained within all cells

Physiology - ✔️✔️the processes enabling cells, tissues, systems, and organisms to
function

Cell Functions - ✔️✔️1) Obtaining oxygen and nutrients from the environment
2) Performing energy-generating chemical reactions (food + O2 --> H2O + energy)
3) Eliminate waste (CO2)
4) Synthesize proteins
5) Moving material through the cell (RNA, proteins, messengers)
6) Responding to the environment
7) Reproducing

Levels of Organization - ✔️✔️1) Chemical
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) Body system

Chemical Level - ✔️✔️individual atoms; building blocks that make life possible
-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen = 96-99% of the body

Cellular Level - ✔️✔️a cell; the fundamental unit of structure and function (many atoms
bind together to form a cell)

Tissue Level - ✔️✔️cells of similar structure and function combine to form tissues

, Four Types of Tissues - ✔️✔️1) Muscle
2) Nervous
3) Epithelial
4) Connective

Muscle Tissue - ✔️✔️cells specialized for contracting; generate tension to produce
movement

Nervous Tissue - ✔️✔️Specialize in initializing and transmitting electrical signals over
long distance
- Communication, Coordination, & Control
- Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral nerves, special senses

Epithelial Tissue - ✔️✔️Specialized for exchanging materials between cells and
environment; Organized into Epithelial Sheets & Secretory Glands

Functions of Epithelial Tissue - ✔️✔️1) Protection - boundaries from external
environment; skin & body openings
2) Absorption - Large intestine & small intestine
3) Secretion - Endocrine glands & Exocrine glands

Glands (epithelium) - ✔️✔️specialized epithelium for secretion; formed by invaginating
pockets during embryogenesis

Two types of epithelial glands - ✔️✔️Exocrine Gland - ducts
Endocrine Gland - no ducts

Connective Tissue - ✔️✔️few cells surrounded by an abundance of extracellular
material; connects, supports, and anchors various body part
- Transportation & immunity - blood
- Energy storage - fat

Organs - ✔️✔️two or more types of tissues that function together to perform particular
functions

Organ systems - ✔️✔️group of organs organized into systems

Circulatory system - ✔️✔️heart, blood, blood vessels

Digestive system - ✔️✔️mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large
intestine, salivary glands, exocrine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Respiratory system - ✔️✔️nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, lungs

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