epigenetics - ANSWER- How environment impacts genes/gene expression
- How genes change over time depending on environment and passed thru generations
- A heritable change
3 roles of the nurse in epigenetics - ANSWER1. *Understand epigenetics so you can interpret related basic science and hea...
- How genes change over time depending on environment and passed thru generations
- A heritable change
3 roles of the nurse in epigenetics - ANSWER1. *Understand epigenetics so you can interpret related
basic science and health research*
2. *Research on epigenetic and health outcome changes associated with health events*
3. *Patient education*
Pre-embryonic stage of development:
what weeks
what are the 2 causes of death? - ANSWERweek 1-2
*Anything wrong in first 2 wks - d/t quality of sperm/egg and genetic code*, biggest impact in first 2
wks
Wrong= preg wont survive
embryonic stage of development:
what weeks
what occurs during this - ANSWER3-8wks
Most *organs developed in embryonic period* (first 8wks)
- heart, cns, eyes, ear, palate
fetal period:
,what is checked
what if mom isnt immune - ANSWERwill get checked for levels early in preg
*Not immune? Get a booster after pregnancy*, CANT be given during preg b/c rubella is a teratogen
how is marijuana a teratogen? - ANSWERMay not affect development of an organ but *will impact
function of the organs*
*No change in IQ* however intellectual development and problem solving, learning, memory,
sustained attention, analysis and integration were linked to marijuana use in pregnancy (one study
was with heavy use)
*Withdrawal symptoms can be seen in newborns* (jittery, irritable, higher arousal)
foramen ovale in newborns - ANSWER*flap btwn the atria*
•Blood into R side of heart is fully oxygenated b/c comes from placenta
•Lungs aren't inflated
•*Blood skips lungs and leaves heart - gets to the organs*
•Some will still go to lungs b/c practice breathing but not as much
ductus arteriosus - ANSWER•Connection btwn pulm artery into aorta
•Less blood going to lungs
•Stays open in preterm infants
ductus venosus - ANSWER• *shunt from liver*
•Shunts a little bit to liver but not much, most goes to reest of body
what happens to the heart when the cord is clamped in an infant? - ANSWER• *pressure change,
more pressure on L side*
, •*PFO* will shut
• *Ductus will atrophy b/c pressure in lungs pulls it into pulm artery*
•*Nuchal cord*= only if its wrapped around the neck
•Can be wrapped around other areas and still same negative impacts
what are the fetal lungs like before birth? - ANSWER• *½ inflated water balloon*
•Need amniotic fluid for lung development
•Only amniotic fluid in lungs until birth
what drives a newborn to take their first breaths? (3) - ANSWER1. *Contractions and thru birth canal
squeezee amniotic fluid out of lungs*
• *Squeezing of baby can trigger first breaths* (*recoil* draws in breath)
2. During labour theres *hypoxemia= drives urge for breath*
3. *Cooler temperature stimulates the respiratory center*- drop in temp from mom to room
why does the first breathe require the most effort?
what weeks
what occurs during thiis stage? - ANSWER9 wks - birth
*functional part, fine tuning* -- all anatomical structures are there
major issues in development occur during which stage - ANSWERembryonic
what is vulnerable thru the whole pregnancy? - ANSWERCNS
teratogen
when is pregnancy most vulnerable to teratogens
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