ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | EXPERT GUARANTEED FOR PASS |A+ GRADE
1.
2. Vitamin is required for normal clotting factor synthesis by the ?
a. K; kidneys
b. K; liver
c. D; kidneys
d. D; liver - answer>>K; liver. Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin, is necessary for the synthesis and
regulation of prothrombin, procoagulant factors (VII, IX, X), and anticoagulant regulators
(proteins C and S) in the liver.
1. Which statement is true regarding the physical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency
anemia?
a. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia seldom results in neurologic symptoms.
b. The chances of a cure are good with appropriate treatment.
c. The condition is reversible in 75% of the cases.
d. Symptoms are a result of demyelination. - answer>>Symptoms are a result of demyelination.
The neurologic manifestations characteristic of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia result from nerve
demyelination that may produce neuronal death. These complications pose a serious threat
because they are not reversible, even with appropriate treatment.
1. A 2000 ml blood loss will produce which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)
a. Air hunger
b. Normal blood pressure in the supine position
c. Rapid thready pulse
d. Cold clammy skin
e. lactic acidosis - answer>>A, C, D. With a 2000 ml loss of blood, central venous pressure,
cardiac output, and arterial blood pressure are below normal, even when at rest and in the
supine position. The person commonly has air hunger; a rapid, thready pulse; and cold, clammy
,skin. With a 1500 ml loss of blood, supine blood pressure and pulse can still be normal. Lactic
acidosis is observed with a blood loss of 2500 ml or more.
,1. Which conditions are generally included in the symptoms of pernicious anemia (PA)? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Weakness
b. Weight gain
c. Low hemoglobin
d. Paresthesias
e. Low hematocrit - answer>>A, C, D, E. When the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the
blood have significantly decreased, the individual experiences the classic symptoms of PA—
weakness, fatigue, paresthesias of the feet and fingers, difficulty in walking, loss of appetite,
abdominal pains, and weight loss.
1. What are the clinical manifestations of folate deficiency anemia? (Select all that apply.)
a. Constipation
b. Flatulence
c. Dysphagia
d. Stomatitis
e. Cheilosis - answer>>B, C, D, E. Specific symptoms of folate deficiency anemia include severe
cheilosis (scales and fissures of the lips and corners of the mouth), stomatitis (inflammation of
the mouth), and painful ulcerations of the buccal mucosa and tongue. Gastrointestinal
symptoms may be present and include dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), flatulence, and watery
diarrhea.
1. Which diseases are commonly associated with anemia of chronic disease? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
b. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
c. Polycythemia vera
d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
e. Chronic hepatitis - answer>>A, B, D, E. AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
erythematosus, malaria, acute and chronic hepatitis, and chronic renal failure are commonly
associated with anemias of chronic disease.
, 1. Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as
conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails?
a. Pernicious
b. Aplastic
c. Iron deficiency
d. Hemolytic - answer>>Iron deficiency. Early symptoms of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) include
fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Pale earlobes, palms, and conjunctivae (see Figure
28-4) are also common signs. Progressive IDA causes more severe alterations, with structural
and functional changes apparent in epithelial tissue (see Figure 28-4). The nails become brittle,
thin, coarsely ridged, and spoon-shaped or concave (koilonychia) as a result of impaired capillary
circulation. The tongue becomes red, sore, and painful.
1. Which statement concerning erythrocytes is true?
a. Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
b. Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
c. Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
d. Erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF) stimulates erythrocytes. - answer>>C. Reversible
deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze
through the microcirculation, and return to normal.
1. Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-
shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?
a. Monocytes
b. Macrophages
c. Platelets
d. Erythrocytes - answer>>Platelets (thrombocytes) are not true cells but are disk-shaped
cytoplasmic fragments that are essential for blood coagulation and control of bleeding.
1. What is the life span of platelets (in days)?
a. 10
b. 90
c. 30
