Saylor Academy Psych101 Questions and
Answers
Developmental noise A concept within developmental biology in which phenotype varies
between individuals even though both the genotypes and the environmental factors are the same
for all of them; human fingerprints provide a well-known example; t...
Developmental noise A concept within developmental biology in which phenotype varies
between individuals even though both the genotypes and the environmental factors are the same
for all of them; human fingerprints provide a well-known example; the fingerprints differ even
between genetically identical human twins.
Gene-environment interaction Genes are not "set in stone; the expression of genes in an
organism can be influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the
organism is located or develops, as well as the organism's internal world, which includes such
factors as its hormones and metabolism.
Polygenic Traits that are controlled by multiple genes and/or influenced by the
environment, such as height, skin color, eye color, weight
Pure experiment Type of experimental design thought to be the most accurate type of
experimental research. Also thought to be the only experimental design that can establish cause
and effect relationship. Three criteria must be met in a true experiment: 1) Control group and
experimental group, 2) Researcher-manipulated variable, 3) Random assignment
, Saylor Academy Psych101 Questions and
Answers
Nature vs. Nurture Debate The nature vs. nurture debate is an ongoing one. The modern
debate often centers around the effect genes have on human personalities as opposed to the
influences that early environment and development might have.
Negative correlation When two variables have an inverse relationship; as one variable
increases, the other decreases.
Psychoanalysis Aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of
conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into
the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
Cognitivism Study focusing on mental processes, including how people perceive, think,
remember, learn, solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus rather than another.
Psychologists working from a cognitivist perspective, then, seek to understand cognition.
Q: What famous psychologist decided nearly 100 years ago that psychology should be defined as
the scientific study of behavior? Watson
Q: Schizophrenia is a mental illness which Affects about 1% of the population
, Saylor Academy Psych101 Questions and
Answers
Q: A study of how adults respond to a new therapy has a group with the new therapy fully
implemented, a group with the new therapy partially implemented, a group with the new therapy
not implemented at all, and a group considering implementation of the new therapy. Which
group would be best described as the control group? Group with the new therapy not
implemented at all
Q: Considering a correlation represents a relationship between two variables, which phrase best
exemplifies a negative correlation (i.e., variables move in different directions)? An
individual's level of stress and his or her degree of psychological well-being
Q: What essential feature distinguishes a pure experiment from other types of studies? A
pure experiment is a study in which an independent variable is intentionally manipulated.
Q: The best way to explain the complex gene-environment interaction is with the concept of...
Nature vs nurture
Q: Which statement regarding heritability coefficients is correct? Heritability coefficients
tend to oversimplify genetic influence.
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