PC707-module 5-Pain Questions And
Answers
What is neuropathic pain? - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves (PNS
or CNS)
-Ex: alcoholic or diabetic neuropathies, cancer pain, regional pain syndromes (fibromyalgia),
HIV, MS, phantom limb pain, post herpetic neuralgia, trigemi...
What does the binding to KAPPA receptors cause? What drugs bind primarily to these receptors?
-Analgesia*
-Sedation*
-Ex: nalbuphine (Nubain) & butorphanol (Stadol)
What role do delta & sigma pain receptors play? -it is not exactly known
-cause dysphoria & hallucinations*
Why do drugs that bind to primarily MU receptors also cause sedation? -they also bind to
KAPPA receptors to some extent--which causes sedation*
Full opioid agonists: -bind to MU receptors in the brain
-produces endorphins which causes the euphoric feeling-which provides pain relief
, PC707-module 5-Pain Questions And
Answers
Partial opioid agonists: -bind to MU receptors in the brain partially
-antagonizes kappa receptors
-produces endorphins but less than a full agonist*
-these are harder to abuse*
-higher affinity than full agonist
-can trigger withdrawal if pt taking full agonists
Ex: buprenorphine (Subutex) or buprenorphine with naloxone (Suboxone)
Examples of strong opioid agonists: -morphine, heroin, methadone, hydromorphone,
oxymorphone, meperidine
Examples of moderate opioid agonists: -codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, etc.
What are mixed opioid agonist-antagonists? -little to no action at the MU receptors--so
decreased risk of respiratory depression
-acts strongly at the KAPPA receptors (causing more sedation)
-caution with patients using full opioid agonists--can also cause withdrawal
-Ex: Stadol & Nubain
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