Biostatistics - ANSWER
Which statistical method attempts to address the effects of participants dropping out of a study prior to completion? (7x) - ANSWERLAST OBSERVATION CARRIED FORWARD
Test that measures what it is supposed to measure (7x) - ANSWERVALIDITY
What research study examines a ...
Which statistical method attempts to address the effects of participants dropping out of a study prior
to completion? (7x) - ANSWERLAST OBSERVATION CARRIED FORWARD
Test that measures what it is supposed to measure (7x) - ANSWERVALIDITY
What research study examines a group studied over a prolonged time period? (6x) -
ANSWERCOHORT
What most seriously threatens the external validity of a research study? (3x) - ANSWERA STUDY
POPULATION THAT IS NOT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE POPULATION TO BE TREATED
Which of the following is the major negative aspect of crossover designs for research studies? (3x) -
ANSWERRESIDUAL EFFECTS
Method for estimating sample size required to detect statistical effects of defined size for variables
with well-known variances is referred to as which of the following types of analysis (3x)? -
ANSWERPOWER
Which statistic measures the magnitude of difference between two intervention groups? (3x) -
ANSWEREFFECT SIZE
Groups of pts w/ MDD, dysthymic d/o, and adjustment d/o were given mood scales. In order to
compare the means of scores of these three groups, most appropriate statistical methods is what
(3x) - ANSWERANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
A case-control study would be appropriate in answering an epidemiological question when the (3x): -
ANSWERINCIDENCE OF THE DISEASE IS LOW
,A rating instrument is said to have high reliability when which of the following properties is
demonstrated: (3x) - ANSWERRATINGS ARE SIMILAR AMONG DIFFERENT RATERS
Researcher is reviewing a questionnaire to screen for MDD, notices that the questionnaire has no Qs
pertaining to depressed mood but has a few Qs pertaining to spending sprees. What form of validity
is most affected? (2x) - ANSWERCONTENT
What is used to report the deviation of a value from its group mean, expressed in standard deviation
units? (2x) - ANSWERZ SCORE
5 yo boy becomes restless, impulsive, and difficult to manage when not given sufficient exercise.
Teacher gives him increased motor activity, and his behavior improves. This is an example of: (2x) -
ANSWERGOODNESS OF FIT
"A group of researchers studied the temperament of a group of children at age 3 months, 2 years, 5
years, and 20 years to determine relationships between initial temperamental characteristics of
children who eventually had psychiatric problems. This is an example of what type of study? (2x)" -
ANSWERCOHORT
Which of the following types of studies is best suited to determine prevalence? (2x) - ANSWERCROSS
SECTIONAL
The purpose of designing a study to use the double blind method is to (2x): - ANSWERELIMINATE
BIAS DUE TO EXAMINER EXPECTATIONS
A test that detects 98% of the people who have a disease, but also provides a false positive result for
many of the people without the disease, would have a: (2x) - ANSWERHIGH SENSITIVITY AND LOW
SPECIFICITY
"Researcher wants to compare a new atypical antipsychotic to the already existing atypical
antipsychotics. Researcher wants to conduct the study in routine clinical situations rather than using
highly selected subjects. Which of the following study designs would be the most appropriate? (2x)" -
ANSWEREFFECTIVENESS
What statistical measure should be used to determine how 2 independent variables affect the
frequency of the occurrence rate of an event? (2x) - ANSWERREGRESSION ANALYSIS
,Study reports difference that turns out to be by chance, what error is this? (2x) - ANSWERTYPE I
ERROR
Examines the relationship between exposure and effect by comparing patients with effect to patients
without effect, assessing for prior exposure. Type of study? (2x) - ANSWERCASE-CONTROL
The extent to which an instrument represents the construct being measured is referred to as what
type of validity? (2x) - ANSWERCONTENT
Twin studies of patients with schizophrenia have consistently identified substantial proportions of
monozygotic twin pairs that are discordant for the illness. The most likely explanation is: (2x) -
ANSWERA "TWO-HIT" MODEL OF PATHOGENESIS EXISTS IN WHICH PREDISPOSING ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS COMBINE WITH GENETIC RISKS
The number of individuals with a d/o at a specific time (2x) - ANSWERPOINT PREVALENCE
An effectiveness study differs from an efficacy study by including what? (2x) - ANSWERREAL WORLD
CONDITIONS
What type of reduction strategy is needle exchange? - ANSWERHARM
Method used to reduce false positives with a smaller P value - ANSWERBONFERRONI CORRECTION
Main advantage of family-based genetic association studies over case- control association studies -
ANSWERLESS AFFECTED BY SYSTEMATIC POPULATION DIFFERENCES
"Naturalistic investigations of a treatment's effects look at which factor?" - ANSWEREFFECTIVENESS
Observational study with healthy pregnant women vs pregnant women on antidepressants, what is
the study weakness? - ANSWERINAPPROPRIATE CONTROL GROUP
In an RCT which compares metformin addition to usual treatment in diabetes prevention, when 18%
of patients in the metformin group develop diabetes vs 20% of patients in the usual treatment group
develop diabetes, what is the NNT? - ANSWER50
, RCT where pt receives one med for 8 weeks, then 4 week break, then another med for 8 weeks.
What kind of study? - ANSWERCROSSOVER
New instrument for PTSD does not ask about traumatic events. Raises which concern about validity?
- ANSWERCONTENT
Which validity assumes theoretical model of condition being measured and explanation of how
components are related? - ANSWERCONSTRUCT VALIDITY
Difference between incidence rates - ANSWERATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
Study design that answers whether exposure to a drug increases risk of an adverse side effect -
ANSWERCOHORT
Study type to measure if genetic test is accurate to make dx - ANSWERCROSS-SECTIONAL
The concept of lifetime prevalence refers to the number of persons: - ANSWERMEASURED AT A
POINT IN TIME, WHO HAD A D/O AT SOME POINT DURING THEIR LIVES
Example of type II error - ANSWERFINDING ANTIDEPRESSANT INEFFECTIVE WHEN IT IS ACTUALLY
EFFECTIVE
What research design would be the most appropriate in establishing a causal relationship between
childhood vaccination and onset of autism? - ANSWERCOHORT
Research into the complexity of healthcare systems and distribution of resources is best carried out
in which fashion? - ANSWERNATURALISTIC STUDY
"Researchers wish to study a group of students who were exposed to a terrorist attack in which some
of their classmates were killed and compare the students to other students who had not undergone
such a trauma. For the study to be considered quasi-experimental, which of the following
requirements must be met?" - ANSWERBASELINE DATA MUST HAVE BEEN COLLECTED BEFORE THE
EVENT
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