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SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 Questions With Complete Solutions

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SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 Questions With Complete Solutions Type I cells (alveolar) Wall of alveoli, single layer of simple squamous epithelium Type II cells (alveolar) Secrete surfactant Alveolar Macrophage immune defense in the alveoli gas exchange Blood in capillaries meets air in alve...

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  • October 13, 2024
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SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 Questions
With Complete Solutions

Type I cells (alveolar) Wall of alveoli, single layer of simple squamous epithelium




Type II cells (alveolar) Secrete surfactant




Alveolar Macrophage immune defense in the alveoli




gas exchange Blood in capillaries meets air in alveoli at respiratory membrane where

simple diffusion occurs




Thoracic Cavity rib cage, intercostals, diaphragm, pleura, sternum, thoracic vertebrae




Intercostal muscles Increase volume of chest cavity




Diaphragm Muscle, Bell shaped higher center. Pulls downward and makes thoracic cavity

taller.

, SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 Questions
With Complete Solutions
visceral pleura portion of pleural sac connected to the lung tissue




Parietal Pleura Portion of pleural sac connected to thoracic wall




inter-pleural space fluid filled potential space between pleural membranes.




Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) Volume of air in lungs between breaths. All forces

acting across lungs and chest wall are balanced, and system is in steady state.




forces for pulmonary ventilation air flow driven by pressure gradients.


4 types of pressure:

Atmospheric Pressure

Intra-alveolar pressure

intra-pleural pressure

transpulmonary pressure

, SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 Questions
With Complete Solutions
atmospheric pressure (P_atm) pressure of outside air. 760 mmHg at sea level. atmospheric

pressure decreases as elevation increases. All other lung pressures are relative to atmospheric

pressure.




intra-alveolar pressure (P_alv) pressure of air in alveoli. At rest (FRC) pressure is 0

mmHg. when pressure is less/greater than atmospheric pressure inspiration/expiration occurs

respectively.




intra-pleural pressure (P_ip) pressure inside the pleural space




transpulmonary pressure (P_alv-P_ip) difference between intra-pleural pressure and intra-

alveolar pressure




Boyles Law For any gas, pressure is inversely related to the volume of container.




Ideal Gas Law PV=nRT & P=nRT/V




P=pressure

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