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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions Free Radical Injury Highly reactive chemical molecules with an unpaired electron in their outer orbit that pulls electrons off of healthy cell molecules > cell damage; cancers; other disease states result. Hypoxic Cell Injury ...

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  • October 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions

Free Radical Injury Highly reactive chemical molecules with an unpaired electron in their

outer orbit that pulls electrons off of healthy cell molecules > cell damage; cancers; other disease

states result.




Hypoxic Cell Injury cellular oxygen deprivation. Brain/Heart/Kidneys are high consumers

of O2. Caused by lack of O2 or impaired blood flow to the tissue > inflammatory response




Impaired Calcium Function


causing inappropriate activation of cellular enzymes Ca++ is an important signalling ion

for many cell responses. If the cell is injured, calcium builds up inside the cell and many cell

structures are damaged. - causing?




Reversible cell injury Causes impaired cell function but NOT DEATH. Body can repair

itself and return to normal homeostasis if the injury is reversed in time before cell death results




Water

Lipids


Calcium Three types of reversible cell injury

, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions

Water abnormal amounts of?




Sodium builds up in cell due to the breakdown of the sodium [Na+] - potassium [K+] pump.

Consequently, sodium collects inside the cell and attracts water > intracellular swelling. Usually

due to hypoxic injury.




Lipids Abnormal amounts of?




collects in cells leading to impairment of cell functions. "Fatty liver" is often the result. Fatty

changes are a more ominous sign of cell injury than swelling, but can be reversed with dietary

changes.




Calcium Abnormal amounts of?




builds up in cell due to breakdown of the Calcium [Ca++] - Magnesium [Mg++] pump.

Consequently, calcium collects inside the cell and causes inappropriate activation of cellular

enzymes > damages cell internally.

, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Apoptosis Controlled cell death by implosion. Membrane maintains integrity, cell

contents not released into extracellular space, no inflammatory response.




8-10 days How long do WBCs live?




3 months How long do RBCs live?




Necrosis Uncontrolled cell death. Membrane looses integrity, cell contents released into

extracellular and inflammatory response.




Telomeres Outermost tails of chromosomes that are shortened each replication. When too

short cell dies




elasticity Example of cellular aging




Decrease in ______________________ of blood vessels > atherosclerosis and high blood

pressure

, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Bowel Example of cellular aging




Loss of ___________ motility due to aging or medications > Chronic constipation




Muscle mass Example of cellular aging




Loss of _____________ ____________ due to aging, malnutrition, eating disorders, etc. >

muscle weakness, problems with balance




subcutaneous fat Loss of __________________ ________ due to aging or extreme

dieting, cancer, malnutrition, etc. > problems regulating temperature, and skin breakdown over

bony areas especially if bed-bound




inflammation Response to injury,toxin, stress, trauma. Needed for tissue repair. Overall

healthy unless chronic. -




Bone Marrow - blood components

Thymus gland - T-cells from lymphocytes

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