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Science Olympiad Cell Biology Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions
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Science Olympiad Cell Biology Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions
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Science Olympiad Cell Biology ExamQuestions with Complete Verified Solutions
Active site - ✔part of an enzyme that directly binds to a substrate and carries a reaction
Substrate - ✔The molecule where enzymes work active site
Competitive Inhibition - ✔Has molecule binding at active site, resembles substrate
Light-dependent reactions - ✔conversion of light energy to NADPH
Light- independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) - ✔uses energy to form carbohydrates, purpose
of photosynthesis. Stroma
Anaerobic - ✔Absence of oxygen/ fermentation
Aerobic - ✔Required presence of oxygen
Glycolysis - ✔Breaking down glucose into 2 pyruvic acids
Alcoholic fermentation - ✔conversion of sugar into carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and
ethyl alcohol. 2 ATP
Lactic Acid fermentation - ✔intense muscle activity, little O2 available. 2 ATP
, Krebs Cycle - ✔Formation of electron carriers NADH and FADH2, pyruvates are broken
into CO2
CDK (cyclin dependent kinases) - ✔main component of cell cycle regulation, constant
number through the cycle
Cyclins - ✔group of proteins, regulate timing of cell cycle
Main checkpoints- G1-S G2- M
G2-M ensures no DNA damage
p53 - ✔Activated when damage is detected
ex. smoke detectors
Stem cells - ✔Cells that can divide into any type of cells; found in embryo, umbilical cord,
and adult cells
Necrosis - ✔Uncontrolled cell death following lethal injury
Electron Microscope Advantages/types - ✔High resolution up to 2 mil. times
Able to view 3D shape
TEM- 2D
SEM- 3D
Electron Microscope Disadvantages - ✔Expensive
Preparation is extremely elaborate
Totally dry samples
Impossible to detect color
High radiation makes it impossible for organism to live
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