Approach categories on aircrafts are based upon? - answer A grouping of aircraft based
on a speed of 1.3 times the stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum gross
landing weight. An aircraft must fit in only one category. If it is necessary to maneuver at
speeds in excess of the upper limit of a speed range for a category, the minimums for
the category for that speed must be used. For example, an aircraft which falls in
Category A, but is circling to land at a speed in excess of 91 knots, must use the
approach Category B minimums when circling to land.
Aircraft Approach Category A? - answer<91 Max circling speed 90Kts
Aircraft Category B? - answer91/120 Max circling speed 120Kts
Aircraft Category C? - answer121/140 Max circling speed 140Kts
Aircraft Category D? - answer141/165 Max circling speed 165Kts
Aircraft Category E? - answer>165
What is ETOPS? - answerExtended twin operations. An operator is granted permission
to operate a twin engined aircraft type on flight in which the aircraft is more than 60
minutes away from a suitable alternative aerodrome in the event that the aircraft suffers
an engine failure en route.
Wha are the various ETOPS categories? - answerNormal extended twin operations
(ETOPS) categories, vary between 60 and 180 Minutes.
The first segment on a Takeoff? - answerFirst Segment: The Climb from 35 feet point
until the landing gears are fully retracted. Conditions in this segment are:
- landing gear extended
- flaps in T/O position
- Speed = V2
- Climb gradient for 2 engine A/C = Positive
- Climb gradient for 4 engine A/C = 0.5%
- Takeoff power
The second segment on a Takeoff? - answerSecond Segment: Climb from gear
retraction point until a height of 400 feet is reached. conditions in this segment are:
- gears retracted
- flaps in T/O position
- speed = V2
, - Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 2.4%, and 4 engine a/c 3.0%
- takeoff power
The third segment on a Takeoff? - answerThird Segment: Its the horizontal distance
covered after the second segment until the flap retraction speed is reached, to raise the
flaps plus the distance required to accelerate the aircraft to the flaps up climb speed. It
consists of two parts:
First part of 3rd segment: Distance covered before flap retraction, accelerating to flap
retraction speed. The conditions are:
- gears retracted
- flaps in t/o position
- speed increasing from v2 to flap retraction speed
- Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 1.2%, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
- takeoff power
Second part of 3rd segment: Distance covered after flap retraction, accelerating to final
t/o climb speed. the conditions are:
- gears retracted
- flaps retracted
- speed, accelerating from flaps retraction to final t/o climb speed
- Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 1.2%, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
- maximum continuous power
The fourth segment on a Takeoff? - answerFourth Segment: the Climb from 400 feet till
1500 feet is reached, after the end of third segment operating with max continuous
power. The conditions are:
- gears retracted
- flaps retracted
- speed = final t/o climb speed
- max continous power
- Climb gradient 2 engine a/c 1.2%, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
IFR and RVSM Flight levels? - answer0-179 Magnetic Track, Degrees odd numbers,
180-359 Even numbers
Vertical Separation is only 1000 ft up to FL290 and 2000 ft above FL290 in non-RVSM
airspace and only 1000 ft in RVSM airspace i all levels.
Why are Flight Level intervals increased to 2000 ft in non RVSM airspace? -
answerBecause of altimeter errors (lower air density). Reduced vertical RVSM to 1000ft
separation above FL290 is granted to aircraft with advanced and more accurate
altimeters, usually crowded routes (Trans Atlantic Routes).
What are the lights on a taxiway? - answerBlue edge and green center.
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