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NUR 201 GI Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+ 2024.

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NUR 201 GI

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Institution NUR 201 GI
Course NUR 201 GI

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NUR 201 GI Exam Questions And Answers
Rated A+ 2024.

What are the labs associated with CRC? - correct answer. -Hgb & Hct are
*decreased* due to intermittent bleeding associated with the tumor (may be the *first
indication of a tumor* in some patients)

-if spread to liver, *liver enzymes are elevated*

-FOBT (if positive = GI bleeding)

-*CEA* elevated in CRC (tumor marker - may be elevated in other benign or malignant
diseases & in smokers as well, so is *not a diagnosis*) (normal value = *<5 ng/mL*)
---> CEA often used to evaluate treatment effectiveness & to identify recurrence (repeat
every year)

How should albumin 20% be administered? - correct answer. for hypovolemic shock --
> 1 mL/min

for normal blood volume --> 2-3 mL/min

*comes in grams, and is administered by gravity (drops/min)

True or False:

As ascites increases, pts complain of SOB - correct answer. true

True or False:

,Esophageal varices are a life-threatening medical emergency; severe blood loss may
occur and result in shock from hypovolemia - correct answer. true (anything that
increases IAP or irritates the lining can increase risk for bleeding)

all patients with cirrhosis should be screened for then by *endoscopy* to detect them
*before* they bleed

*propanolol to prevent bleeding*

What is often the first clinical sign that a patient has liver dysfunction? - correct answer.
thrombcytopenia

Hepatic cell damage may lead to what common complications? - correct answer. -
portal hypertension
---> *ascites* & esophageal varices
--coagulation defects
-jaundice
-portal-systemic encephalopathy w/ hepatic coma
-hepatorenal syndrome
-spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A patient can be prescribed Ketoralac for a maximum of _______ days for relief of pain
associated with cholecystitis - correct answer. 10 days

How does the aging process affect the expected findings with the *liver*? - correct
answer. -liver cells *decrease in number & size* which results in a *smaller* liver
-*decreased* enzyme activity*
-*decreased* cholesterol synthesis
-*DECREASED DRUG METABOLISM* = increased risk for toxicity (monitor for adverse
effects)

How does the aging process affect the *large intestine*? - correct answer. -
*decreased* sensation to defecate (nerve impulse are dulled)
-peristalsis *decreases*

= constipation / impaction

(encourage increased fluids & high-fiber diet and encourage as much activity as
tolerated)

How does the aging process affect the *pancreas*? - correct answer. -duct changes
(distention/dilation)
-calcification of pancreatic vessels = *decreased lipase production*
-*decreased lipase levels* = *decreased* fat absorption & *decreased* digestion --->
steatorrhea (fat in stools)

,(encourage small, frequent feedings and assess for diarrhea)

What is the pathway of bile from its originating organ to the exiting point? - correct
answer. liver --> L& R hepatic ducts --> common hepatic duct --> cystic duct from
gallbladder --> common bile duct --> pancreatic duct --> duodenum

(if sphincter to common bile duct is closed, it goes to gallbladder for *storage*)

Which labs are *elevated* with hepatitis? - correct answer. ALT, AST, CEA

Which labs are *elevated* with cirrhosis? Which labs are *decreased*? - correct
answer. *elevated* = ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, CEA, ammonia

*serum albumin is decreased* but there is an increase in albumin in the abdominal
cavity due to *ascites* (liver dysfunction = fluid shifts to abdominal cavity)

Which labs are *elevated* with acute pancreatitis? Which labs are *decreased*? -
correct answer. *elevated* = serum amylase, serum lipase, carbohydrate antigen

*decreased* = calcium

What are the 3 functions of the liver? - correct answer. 1. metabolism
2. storage
3. drug detoxification

True or False:

15,000 mL/min of blood flows through the liver - correct answer. true (liver is vascular
AF so needs to be protected from trauma --> aka ribs)

If you have bleeding into the abdominal cavity, what signs might you expect to find? -
correct answer. -gray turner's sign
-cullen's sign
-firm/distended abdomen
-pale skin color (or gray if dark toned)

What is the by-product of protein metabolism? - correct answer. ammonia (so serum
ammonia is elevated - toxicity - when liver or pancreas is impaired)

What happens to the INR & prothrombin time if a patient has *liver* dysfunction? -
correct answer. PT & INR increase (takes longer to clot due to impaired synthesis of
clotting proteins)

What are short-term complications of pancreatitis? And what are long-term
complications? - correct answer. *short-term*:
-hypovolemic shock

, -acute kidney shock
-pleural effusion

*long-term*:
-pseudocyst (may require surgery)
-abscess (may require surgery)
-chronic pancreatitis (which could lead to pancreatic cancer)

True or False:

Pancreatic cancer has no specific tumor marker; it has to be diagnosed
radiopgraphically - correct answer. true (*diagnosed by ERCP* - visual diagnosis)
(CEA could be elevated as well as CA 19-9 and CA 242)

*abd U/S & CT* are most commonly used for confirming tumor presence and can
differentiate it from a cyst

What is the surgery for pancreatic cancer? - correct answer. whipple (often used to
treat cancer of head of pancreas)

*or pancreatectomy (makes a pt a diabetic)

The nurse should ask the patient about allergies to ___________ when discussing a
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. - correct answer. seafood (especially
shellfish)

For an EGD, a client is given sedation. What does the nurse do if respirations fall below
normal range or become shallow? - correct answer. first action is to provide a
stimulation (*sternal rub*)

When discussing a bowel cleansing regimen for a pt getting a colonoscopy, what should
you instruct them to avoid eating/drinking? - correct answer. anything with red,
orange, or purple dye (can be mistaken for blood)

What position is a client in after a colonoscopy? - correct answer. left lateral
(promotes quicker passage of flatus & clients have less discomfort)

What is the most common cause of anemia in adults? - correct answer. GI bleeding
(commonly RT colon cancer, diverticulitis, IBD, and PUD)

What causes patients with GI problems to have itchy skin? - correct answer. biliary
system is obstructed & causes bile salts to accumulate on the skin which causes pruritis

After a cholesystectomy, what should you instruct patients to avoid in their diets? -
correct answer. fatty foods

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