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A4M BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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A4M BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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A4M BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSLeptin (high serum leptin correlated with increased fat stores/weight gain; also seen in
IR bec brain not responding to leptin signals so keep eating->wt gain) - Answers-
hormone that suppresses appetite, produced in fat cells, epithelium and stomach, acts
on receptors in hypothalamus to tell it "I'm full, stop eating", also stimulates gnRH, LH,
FSH from ant. pituitary
Glucagon - Answers-lipolytic, activates triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue via cAMP,
causes increased blood levels of fatty acids & glycerol
BMR - Answers-amount of daily energy expended while at rest, only enough energy is
produced for vital organ functioning, as it increases, the # of mitochondria in the body
increases as well
Resveratrol - Answers-binds to and stimulates Sir2 sirtuin enzyme mimicking the effect
of caloric restriction on longevity; it modulates insulin-mediated glucose uptake in
muscles, it inhibits gene expression profiles associated with skeletal and cardiac mm
aging
Cortisol - Answers-only hormone that increases with age, involved in stress response,
increases BP, BGlucose, suppresses immune function
somatostatin - Answers-inhibits release of GH and TSH, decreases gastric emptying,
inhibits GI hormones
IGF1 - Answers-active mediator of FH
potassium - Answers-this mineral decreases BP, prevents MI, lowers risk of stroke, may
help prevent DM 2 if taken with thiazide diuretic which causes its deficiency
calcium - Answers-this mineral important for strong bones and teeth, regulates mm
contraction and relaxation, maintains acid/alkaline pH of body
magnesium - Answers-acts as mild Ca-antagonist on vascular smooth muscle
false (not smoking or exercise) - Answers-True or False: Triglyceridemia commonly
caused by diabetes, insulin resistance, smoking, obesity, exercise
false - Answers-True or false: Protein intake raises BP
CRP - Answers-what inflammatory marker is inversely correlated to bone mineral
density
, True - Answers-T or F: in both men and women, GH reduces cortical osteocalcin; thus it
increases trabecular and cortical bone content
DHEA - Answers-This hormone affects immune function by increasing monocytes,
increasing IGF1, incr B cells, incr T cell mitogenic response, incr cells expression of IL2
& IL3, thus fuctionally activating T lymphocytes; most abundant hormone in the body;
inhibits breast cancer progression, prevents blood clots, decreases bone loss, increases
memory, increases lean body mass; produced by cholesterol
Omega 9 - Answers-neutral inflammatory, are MUFA that improve NO and decrease
ROS; lowers LDL but does NOT raise HDL
PUFA - Answers-PUFA or MUFA lower LDl and raise HDL?
Omega 3 - Answers-anti-iflammatory, increases NO and improves insulin sensitivity,
lowers BP, increases glucose uptake, increases glycogen storage, decreases plasma
NE, directs fatty acids away from storage and to oxidation
Omega 6 - Answers-are inflammatory because it increases arachadonic acid, does not
decreases BP, but can prevent increase in BP induced by saturated fats
gingko - Answers-nutrient supplement that inhibits platelet aggregation, increases brain
circulation; has anti-oxidant and cognitive benefits; improves CV function and decreases
lipoprotein(a); prevents EPC senescence by increasing telomerase activity
PABA - Answers-increases intestinal bacteria to make pantothenic acid B5, which
produces coenzyme involved in production of blood cells and protein metabolism
b6 pyridoxine - Answers-this vitamin metabolizes proteins, fats, carbs, is needed to
make hemoglobin, formation of epinephrine and insulin
vitamin c - Answers-this vitamin aids in wound healing, formation & maintenance of
collagen, is an anti-oxidant; massive doses then abruptly stopped can cause rebound
scurvy
chromium - Answers-what nutrient inhibits glycation (wh is abnl protein metabolism
where sugar binds to lipids/protein that increases permeability of arteries and makes it
susceptible to atherosclerosis and cancer). inhibits AGEs (advanced glycation
endproducts)
vitamin E - Answers-what vitamin impairs leukocyte and immune function; increases
bleeding time
coq10 - Answers-improves cardiac mm strength and promotes ability of body to
withstand toxins, viruses and bacteria via anti-oxidant effects
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