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EDUC 701 Cp. 3 Behaviorism Questions and Answers
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EDUC 701 Cp. 3 Behaviorism Questions and Answers
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EDUC 701 Cp. 3 Behaviorism Questions and AnswersConnectionism Correct Ans-Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949); prominent psychologist
whose connectionism theory of learning was dominant in the United States for a long time he
was interested in education and especially learning, transfer, individual differences, and
intelligence
Thorndike Correct Ans-Applied experimental approach when measuring student
outcomes; Thorndike Award: highest award in psychology given by APA
Educational Psychology Correct Ans-(Thorndike, 1913a, 1913b, 1914). He postulated that
the most fundamental type of learning involves the forming of associations (connections)
between sensory experiences (perceptions of stimuli or events) and neural impulses
(responses) that manifest themselves behaviorally.
Issues with Behaviorism Theory Correct Ans-learning often occurs by trial and error
(selecting and connecting).Research was on animals with controlled environment and a
reward Animal used trial and error and after being successful was able to attain the reward
with fewer mistakes based on practice
Trial and Error learning: Correct Ans-Incremental; Occurs over time; Connections formed
through repetition; Awareness not necessary
Laws of Exercise and Effect Correct Ans-Thorndike's basic ideas
, EDUC 701 Cp. 3 Behaviorism Questions and Answers
Law of Exercise Correct Ans-
Law of Use: response to stimulus strengthens connection Correct Ans-
Law of Disuse: connection is forgotten when stimulus not responded to Correct Ans-
Law of Effect Correct Ans-consequences of behavior: Responses resulting in satisfying
(rewarding) consequences are learned; responses producing annoying (punishing)
consequences are not learned
Satisfyers and Annoyers Correct Ans-Satisfyers: responses resulting in satisfying
consequences; Annoyers: punishments
Law of Exercise Correct Ans-discarded due to lack of support in research
Laws of Exercise and Effect amended Correct Ans-bc if there is no reward the behavior is
not imprinted
Annoyers/punishment effectiveness Correct Ans-not effective in behavior mod or learning
bc it does not remove the connection it just suppresses the desire to choose it
Law of Readiness Correct Ans-states that when one is prepared (ready) to act, to do so is
rewarding and not to do so is punishing.; If student is ready to learn, moves toward learning
, EDUC 701 Cp. 3 Behaviorism Questions and Answers
the concept are rewarding; if student does not possess the prerequisite knowledge, moves
toward learning are a punishment
Associative Shifting Correct Ans-refers to a situation in which responses made to a
particular stimulus eventually are made to a different stimulus if, on repeated trials, there are
small changes in the nature of the stimulus.; Teaching multi-digit division AFTER single digit
division is mastered
Identical Elements affects transfer Correct Ans-(generalization) or the extent that
strengthening or weakening of one connection produces a similar change in another
connection (Hilgard, 1996; Thorndike, 1913b; see Chapter 7).
Father of Behaviorism Correct Ans-is John Watson; Considered theories and research that
dealt with the mind unscientific
Watson Correct Ans-Behavior was the proper material for psychologists to study (Watson,
1924).; Introspection (Chapter 1) was unreliable; conscious experiences were not observable,
and people having such experiences could not be trusted to report them accurately (Murray,
Kilgour, & Wasylkiw, 2000).
Watson believed Correct Ans-Pavlov's conditioning model was appropriate for building
science of human behavior; Impressed by Pavlov's precision in measuring human behaviors;
Pavlov's model could account for diverse forms of learning and personality characteristics
, EDUC 701 Cp. 3 Behaviorism Questions and Answers
Watson Correct Ans-newborns are capable of displaying three emotions: love, fear, and
rage (Watson, 1926a).
Through Pavlovian conditioning, these emotions could become attached to _____ to produce
a complex adult life. Correct Ans-stimuli
Watson proclaimed that he could take 12 healthy babies and raise them in a world he
controlled and he could form them into a variety of adults from doctors to merchant chiefs
Correct Ans-
Watson's research held little relevance to academic learning Correct Ans-
Wrote with conviction Correct Ans-
Influenced psychology from 1920's-1960's Correct Ans-
Work involving the environment strongly influenced Skinner Correct Ans-
Behaviorism Correct Ans-chapter covers behaviorism as expressed in behavior or
conditioning theories of learning; conditioning theories relevance lies not in in the fact that
they deal with behavior (all theories do that) but rather that they explain learning in terms of
environmental events.
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