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Summary Respiratory Physiology Study Unit 3

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FLG 332 Summaries for Study Unit 3 (Semester Test 1). Respiratory Physiology (Third Year). Most important notes for the study unit.

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  • October 14, 2024
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FLG 332 Copyright Micaela de Jager




Unit 3 – Respiratory Physiology


LECTURE 1 – RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BASICS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
▪ Respiratory functions
 Provide extensive surface area for gas exchange between air & circulating blood
 Move air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs

▪ Non-respiratory functions
 Immune fxns – protect resp. surfaces from dehydration, temp. changes & inhaled pathogens
⇒ RESPIRATORY DEFENSE SYSTEM (filtering out foreign substances)

Respiratory system is lined with:
Mucous membranes that contain mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue secrete:
i. Secretory
ii. Collectins
iii. Defensins

 Olfaction – detection of odours
 Reg. of pH – dependent on rate of CO2 release
 Produce sounds – phonation/vocalisation
 Blood reservoir
 Metabolic fxns – Produce & remove substances
 Reg. of BP and volume – convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II




Anatomical
ORGANISATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Upper respiratory system
➢ structures above the larynx


Lower respiratory system
➢ includes larynx & structures inferior to the larynx




MICAELA DE JAGER 1

,FLG 332 Copyright Micaela de Jager



FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY

Upper Resp. Tract

 Warm
 Humidify
 Filter




Lower Resp. Tract

 Exchange of gases - Huge surface area = 1x105 m2 of type I alveolar cells
- Associated network of pulmonary capillaries
- Exchange distance is approx 1um from alveoli → blood


 Protection - Free alveolar macrophages ⇒ dust cells
- Surfactant prod. by type II alveolar cells ⇒ septal cells

 Vocalisation - Larynx



Functions of Bones, Muscles & Membranes:

 Create and transmit a pressure gradient, relying on:
- Attachments of muscles to ribs
- Attachment of diaphragm to base of lungs
- Expansion & recoil of the lungs
- Cohesion of parietal- to visceral pleural membrane



Pleural Membrane:

• Cohesion between parietal and visceral layers is due to serous fluid in the pleural cavity
• Fluid (30 ml) creates attraction between 2 sheets of membrane
• As parietal membrane expands due to expansion of thoracic cavity it “pulls” the visceral membrane with it
• Then pulls underlying structures which expand as well
• Disrupt integrity of pleural membrane ⇒ rapid equalization of pressure & loss of ventilation fxn

= collapsed lung or pneumothorax Collection of air outside lung but within pleural cavity




MICAELA DE JAGER 2

, FLG 332 Copyright Micaela de Jager



RESPIRATORY TREE

Upper respiratory tract → single large conductive tube

Lower respiratory tract → after larynx and divides (exchange membranes)

• Trachea
• Primary bronchi
• Secondary bronchi
Conductive portion
• Tertiary bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Terminal bronchioles

• Respiratory bronchioles Exchange portion
• Alveoli




MICAELA DE JAGER 3

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