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CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING EXAM LATEST TEST WITH CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
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CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING EXAM LATEST TEST WITH CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
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CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING EXAMLATEST TEST WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
Patients who report a moderate to severe cramping sensation in
their legs or buttocks associated with an activity such as walking
have ________ _______ related to decreased arterial tissue
perfusion. Correct Answer intermittent claudication
essential etiology of hypertension= Correct Answer family history
of hypertension, african american ethnicity, hyperlipidemia,
smoking, older than 60 years or menopausal, excessive sodium
and caffeine intake, overweight, obesity, physical activity,
excessive alcohol intake, low potassium, calcium, or magnesium
intake, excessive and continuous stress
secondary etiology of hypertension= Correct Answer kidney
disease, primary aldosteronism, brain tumors, pregnancy,
estrogen, encephalitis, cushing's disease, glucocorticoids
The systemic arterial blood pressure is a product of __________
and ________. Correct Answer cardiac output
total peripheral vascular resistance
cardiac output is determined by the __________ multiplied by
_______ Correct Answer stroke volume
heart rate
What kinds of patients are at risk for cardiovascular disease? -
Modifiable Correct Answer Cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
obesity, psychological factors, activity.
,What kinds of patients are at risk for cardiovascular disease? -
Non modifiable Correct Answer Age, gender, ethnicity, family
history, other diseases.
What is the purpose of a cardiac catherization? Correct Answer -
To confirm suspected heart disorders, including congenital
abnormalities, coronary artery disease, myocardial disease
valvular disease, and valvular dysfunction.
-To determine the location and extent of the disease process.
-To assess
-To determine best therapeutic option
-To evaluate effects of medical or invasive treatment on
cardiovascular function, percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass graft potency
dyspnea that is associated with activity, such as climbing the
stairs Correct Answer dyspnea on exertion
a patient with an advanced heart disease may experience this;
dyspnea that appears when he or she lies flat Correct Answer
orthopnea
this develops after the patient has been laying down for several
hours; in this position, blood from the lower extremities is
redistributed to the venous system, which increases venous
return to the heart. a diseased heart cannot compensate for the
increased volume and is ineffective in pumping the additional fluid
into the circulatory system. pulmonary congestion occurs. the
patient awakens abruptly often with a feeling of suffocation and
panic. he or she sits upright and dangles the legs over the side of
the bed to relieve the dyspnea. this sensation may last for 20
minutes. Correct Answer paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
a feeling of fluttering or unpleasant feeling in the chest caused by
an irregular heartbeat Correct Answer palpitations
,excess fluid accumulation Correct Answer edema
a brief loss of consciousness
most common cause: decreased perfusion to the brain Correct
Answer syncope
dizziness with an inability to remain in an upright position Correct
Answer near-syncope
CO= Correct Answer SV x HR
Control of peripheral vascular resistance is maintained by: Correct
Answer the autonomic nervous system and circulating hormones
circulating hormones: Correct Answer norepinephrine
epinephrine
any factor that increases peripheral vascular resistance, heart
rate, or stroke volume increases = Correct Answer systemic
arterial pressure
any factor that decreases peripheral vascular resistance, heart
rate, or stroke volume decreases the _________ and can cause:
Correct Answer systemic arterial pressure
decreased perfusion to body tissues
stabilizing mechanisms exist in the body to exert an overall
regulation of _______ and to prevent _________ Correct Answer
systemic arterial pressure
circulatory collapse
this control system monitors the level of arterial pressure and
counteract a rise in arterial pressure through vaguely mediated
, cardiac slowing and vasodilation with decreased sympathetic tone
Correct Answer arterial baroreceptor system
If there is an excess of sodium and or water in a person's body,
the blood pressure rises through complex physiological
mechanisms that change the venous return to the heart,
producing a rise in cardiac output. Correct Answer regulation of
body fluid volume
regulates blood pressure, the kidney produces renin, a enzyme
that acts on angiotensinogen (a plasma protein substrate) to split
off angiotensin I, which is converted by an enzyme in the lung to
form angiotensin II Correct Answer renin-angiogestin-aldosterone
system
keeps perfusion of tissues in the body relatively constant, appears
to be important in causing hypertension Correct Answer vascular
autoregulation
If the kidneys are functioning adequately, a rise in systemic
arterial pressure produces diuresis (excessive voiding) and a fall
in pressure Correct Answer regulation of body fluid volume
when people expect this, they usually don't experience any
symptoms but if they do it's: headaches, facial flushing, dizziness,
or fainting as a result of the elevated blood pressure Correct
Answer clinical manifestations of hypertension
target blood pressure? Correct Answer 140/90
cardiac markers: Correct Answer troponin
creatine kinase
myoglobin
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