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Sociology Test 2 Chamberlain College Of Nursing - Question and answers already passed 2024/2025
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Sociology Test 2 Chamberlain College Of Nursing - Question and answers already passed 2024/2025 Sociology Test 2 What is the most important function of courts? - correct answer To process disputes (a conflict of claims or rights - an assertion of right, claim, or demand on one side, met by c...

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  • October 15, 2024
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Sociology Test 2
What is the most important function of courts? - correct answer ✔To process
disputes (a conflict of claims or rights - an assertion of right, claim, or demand
on one side, met by contrary claims on the other). [pg 83]


Do courts place place issues on their own agendas like legislative or
administrative bodies? - correct answer ✔No - courts are passive and must
wait until matters are brought to them for resolution. [pg 83]


What is adjudication? - correct answer ✔When a judge renders the official
judgement of the trial court in a civil or criminal case as to the defendant's guilt
or innocence. [pg 83]


How do courts differ from other kinds of dispute-regulation methods? - correct
answer ✔They are available to all members of society - every group/kind of
person. They are truly public. [pg 84]


What is the role of courts? - correct answer ✔To interpret and apply the law.
This interpretation is expected to be impartial and judges are expected to be
governed by legal principles rather than personal preferences. [pg 84]


What kind of disputes do courts process? - correct answer ✔1. Private
dispute: characterized by the absence of initial participation by public
authorities. Private as long as the government is not a party.
ex: when husband and wife quarrel, 2 businessman debate terms of contract,
etc. [pg 84]
2. Public-Initiated dispute: when the gov seeks to enforce norms of conduct or
to punish individuals who breach such norms - occurs when society attempts
to control and channel social behavior through the promulgation of binding
legal norms.

,ex: criminal law violation
It always involves & is governed by the law of the entire community. Although,
not all of these disputes involve judicial action.
ex: warning, plea bargain [pg 84-85]
3. Public Defendant dispute: Gov participates as a defendant. Involve
challenges to the authority of some gov agency or questions about the
propriety of some gov action that may be initiated by an individual or an
organization. Involve claims that the gov has not abided by its own rules.
ex: parents of children in racially segregated public school claim that school
officials violated constitution [pg 85]


Do disputes end in court? - correct answer ✔No. Courts process rather than
solve disputes. Court decisions are seldom the final word in a dispute. [pg 85]


What are the dual hierarchies in the American court system? - correct answer
✔State and federal courts with a decentralized structure/ [pg 85]


What is the organization of the State Court System? - correct answer ✔1.
Trial/District Courts: where most civil/criminal cases are heard usually before
a jury
2. Intermediate court of appeals: review cases decided at trial court level
3. Court of last resort (state supreme court): review cases decided by lower
court of appeals [pg 87]


How many district courts and judges are there total? - correct answer ✔94
district courts and 649 district court judges [pg 87]


What is the organization of the federal courts? - correct answer ✔Several
courts of appeals are immediately above district courts. There are 12 circuits -
and 3 judges per circuit court of appeals. They review district court decisions
and the decisions of federal regulatory agencies. [pg 87]

, Do most cases go past trial/district court? - correct answer ✔No - but some
litigants that are not satisfied with their decision can file an appeal to a higher
court. [pg 87]


What are the two forms of appeals? - correct answer ✔1. De Novo: A new
trial
2. A more limited review of specific aspects of a trial proceeding [pg 87]


What is the sole function of appellate courts? - correct answer ✔To correct
errors in law of trial courts [pg 88]


What are the 4 distinct groups in the court processes? - correct answer ✔1.
Litigants: Individuals, organizations, and gov officials trying to settle
disagreements and regulate their own behavior & behavior of others. 2 types
of litigants:
- one-shotters: Those who use court only occasionally (typically individuals)
and are more concerned with the outcome of the individual case itself.
Typically act as defendant
ex: author suing publisher for breach of contract [pg 88] - repeat players:
those who engage in similar litigations over a period of time (typically
organizations). More concerned with the ways a decision may affect similar
cases in the future than with the case itself. Typically act as plaintiff
ex: IRS, Insurance Companies [pg 89]


2. Lawyers: Occupy an intermediary position between disputants and courts
and transform litigants complaints into legal disputes. Lawyers are
instrumental in determining whether a particular dispute warrants judicial
intervention. Play the role of gatekeepers for the judiciary. Considered repeat
players in adjudication process, but only a small % of lawyers are involved in
actual litigation. [pg 89]
Three types of lawyers:

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