Disease - ANS a pathological condition of the body in response to an alteration in the normal body harmony due to direct/indirect disturbances
Illness - ANS describes the subjective condition of a person who is experiencing a disease
Predisposing Factor - ANS a conditi...
Disease - ANS a pathological condition of the body in response to an alteration in the
normal body harmony due to direct/indirect disturbances
Illness - ANS describes the subjective condition of a person who is experiencing a disease
Predisposing Factor - ANS a condition or situation that may make a person more at risk or
susceptible to disease
Idiopathic - ANS diseases that have no known cause, thus treatment only target symptoms
Iatrogenic - ANS Disease caused by medical treatments
Nosocomial - ANS Disease acquired in a hospital setting/health care facility
Sequela - ANS pathological conditions that results from prior disease/injury
Age (Predisposing Factor) - ANS problems that arise with physiological changes that occur
in the body system during the aging process; ex. Temperature, immunity, physical activity
tolerance
Gender (Predisposing Factor) - ANS important in physiological origin disease, such as
sexual organ disorders
Lifestyle (Predisposing Factor) - ANS consistent, integrated way of life of individual that are
influenced by family environment, education/knowledge, personal attitudes, personal
responsibility, and opportunities
External Environment - ANS air, noise, pollutants, occupational health, etc.
Heredity - ANS predisposing factor inherited from a parent that is not easily controlled,
changes, or altered; environment may influence disease and do not always appear at birth;
types: monogenic, chromosome, or multifactorial
Autosomal Dominant Disorder - ANS only one abnormal gene from a parent; 50% change
the offspring will inherit the defect
,Autosomal Recessive Disorder - ANS two copies from both parents who do not have the
disease
Sex-Linked - ANS single abnormal gene on the X chromosome; two types are dominant
and recessive
Dominant Sex-Linked Disorder - ANS single adnormal gene on the X chromosome caused
by one copy
Recessive Sex-Linked Disorder - ANS single abnormal gene on the X chromosome caused
by both genes in a pair being abnormal
Multifactorial Disorders - ANS result from many hereditary and environmental factors
Neoplasia - ANS new formation of growth
Neoplasm/Tumor - ANS abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than
they should or do not die when they should; occurrence caused by genetic modifications
Benign Tumor - ANS defined and non harmful tumor
Malignant Tumor - ANS spreads to other tissues or locations through blood and lymphatic
system
Infection - ANS the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic or disease-producing
microorganisms in the body
Homeostasis - ANS state of stability that the body tries to maintain even though it is
exposed to continually changing outside forces; often require microorganism within the body to
maintain
Transmission - ANS direct contact with contaminated area, respiratory, oral, etc.
Bacteria - ANS single cell and most are nonpathogenic; types: bacilli, cocci,
spirilla/vibrios/spirochaetes
Virus - ANS independent of host cells; some dormant for long periods
Fungi - ANS yeasts and molds; rarely fatal but slowly and resistant to treatment; caused
mycoses
Protozoa - ANS single cell organisms
Parasites - ANS organisms that require a host; may be external or internal
, Trauma - ANS injury or wound caused by an external force; leading cause of death in the
US for 35 y.o. Or younger
Head Trauma - ANS concussions, traumatic brain injury, skull, nose fractures, jaw
fractures, and cerebral contusions
Inflammation - ANS the body's immunological response to tissue damage, caused by the
invasion of foreign bodies, microorganisms, or chemicals
Steps of Inflammation - ANS 1. Chemical signals released by activated macrophages and
mast cells at the injury site cause nearby capillaries to widen and become more permeable
2. Fluid, antimicrobial proteins and clotting elements move from blood to the site to cause
clotting
3. Chemokines released by various kinds of cells attract more phagocytic cells from the blood to
the injury site
4. Neutrophils and macrophages phagocytose pathogens and cell debris at the site and the
tissue heals
Acute Inflammation - ANS eventually resolved
Chronic Inflammation - ANS sustained pro-inflammatory phase without adaption or
resolution
Immunity - ANS the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the
action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells; types: innate and adaptive
Acquired Immunity - ANS created immunological memory applied to specific pathogens
that is slower to act than innate
Allergy - ANS inappropriate response in the immune system; action of the immune system
to defend the body against substances that typically don't pose a threat; family history, stress,
and physical condition may be predisposing factors
Autoimmunity - ANS misdirected response in the immune system; self-antigens or
abnormal immune cells develop and incite the immune response into abnormal and excessive
response that attack their own tissue and organs caused by inherited predispositions
Immunodeficiency - ANS deficient response in the immune system; prevents your body
from fighting infections and diseases due to B-cell and/or T-cell deficiency
Malnourishment - ANS improper intake of quality/quantity of food; may be comorbid with
malabsorption, GI problems, CNS problems, tolerance to food, or metabolism problems
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