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NUR 102 Exam 4 Questions And Correct Answers
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NUR 102 Exam 4 Questions And Correct Answersfluid and electrolyte balance
The process of regulating the extracellular fluid volume, body fluid osmolality, and
plasma concentration of electrolytes
Magnesium
plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle contraction, blood coagulation, and cell growth
sodium
Closely related with water and fluid balance. Normal value = 135-145 MMOL/L
Calcium
deposited in bones and requires Vit. D for absorption
Phosphorus
activates vitamins and enzymes, forms energy reserves and is involved in the growth of
cells
Potassium
Affects the heart muscle dramatically, regulates protein synthesis and glucose use and
storage. Normal value = 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
hyponatremia
<135 mEq/L
Causes- hypotonic tube feedings, head injury
S/S- Confusion, lethargic, seizures, cerebral edema-increased ICP, weak pulse, tachy,
hypotension, dizziness, abdominal cramping, weakness, shallow respirations, muscle
spasms, loss of appetite, hyperactive bowel sounds
Treatment- administer saline slowly, give salty foods (canned vegetables) first to treat.
,Monitor neuro status-risk for cerebral edema!
hypernatremia
>145 mEq/L
Causes- excessive fluid loss (diarrhea), water deprivation, too-much intake of saline
solution or table salt, heat stroke.
S/S- Restless, agitated, lethargic, drowsy, stupor, coma, titching, cramps, weakness,
fever, edema, HTN, Bounding Pulse,
flushed skin, decreased urinary output, dry mouth- increase water intake and decrease
sodium intake
Treatment- increase water intake and decrease sodium intake
hypokalemia
<3.5 mEq/L
Causes- vomiting, perspiration, K sparing drugs, poor intake of K-might be NPO, poor
diet, anorexic.
S/S- cardiac dysrhythmias, leg cramps, lethargic, constipation, decreased bowel
sounds and tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, weak, flaccid
Treatment- Give K supplements, hold Lasix, diet
hyperkalemia
>5.0 mEq/L
,Causes- diarrhea, renal failure, K sparing diuretics, burns, tissue damage
S/S- cardiac arrest, muscle weakness/cramps, weak pulses, bradycardia, hypotension,
hyperactive bowel sounds, EKG changes
Treatment- Limit K intake, increase fluids, give Kayexalate enema and K wasting
diuretic, dialysis in a renal patient not responding to tx.
IV potassium supplement administration
- Never give IVP
- Give accordingly to directions SLOWLY
- Monitor IV site carefully
- Can cause phlebitis
- If extravasation occurs will cause tissue damage.
Hypomagnesemia
1.5 mEq/L Causes- Intake of diuretics over a period of time, loss from GI tract
S/S- neuromuscular irritability with tremors, tachycardia, disorientation and confusion,
anorexia, increased reflexes, difficulty swallowing, respiratory difficulties. Extreme in
obstetrics- seizures
Treatment- Foods- green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, fish, whole grains, legumes
, Hypermagnesemia
>2.5 mEq/L Causes- Epsom salt (as a laxative) renal failure patient at risk
S/S- vasodilation, N/V, muscle weakness or paralysis, hypotension, bradycardia,
decreased deep tendon reflexes, respiratory and cardiac arrest, respiratory depression
or coma
Treatment- Fluids, safety precautions due to potential changes in LOC, monitor vitals
closely
role of fluid in the body
- Transportation of particles and blood cells in the body
- Body temperature regulation
- Urine
- Digestation
- Lubrication
osmolality
- Total solutes within body fluids
- Descries dehydration as isotonic-same, hypotonic-expand the cells, and
hypertonic-shrink the cells
Isotonic Solutions
- Plasma is equal in concentration, does not affect any redistribution of fluid within the
body (270-300 mOsm/L)
- Dilates ECF without the fluid shifting from one compartment to the other
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