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NURS 143 Exam 5 Guide With Complete Solution
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NURS 143 Exam 5 Guide WithComplete Solution
natural (innate)
[ acquired / natural ] immunity is present at birth. It is considered the first
line of host defense after antigen exposure. Mechanisms are both immediate
(within minutes) and delayed (within days after exposure).
acquired (adaptive)
[ acquired / natural ] immunity develops after birth. It develops as a result of
prior exposure to an antigen through vaccination (passive) or by contracting
a disease (active). Divided into two mechanisms, the cell-mediated response
(T-cell activation) and effector mechanisms (B-cell maturation and antibody
production.)
leukocytes
When the body is invaded or attacked by bacteria or other pathogens, its
first line of defense is the phagocytic immune response which primarily
involves [ erythrocytes / leukocytes ], including granulocytes and
macrophages.
antibodies
Humoral immune response (second line of defense) begins with B cells which
can transform themselves into plasma cells that manufacture ____.
cytotoxic (killer)
,Cellular immune response (third line of defense) involves the T cells, which
can turn into ____ T cells (CD8), which attack pathogens and lyse cells by
altering their cell membranes.
antigen
The structural part of the invading or attacking organism that is responsible
for stimulating antibody production is called an ____.
lymph node
Circulating lymphocytes with antigenic information proceed to the nearest
____ (two words). There they enter the proliferation stage.
immunoglobulins
Antibodies are large proteins called ____, each containing a light and a heavy
peptide chain held together by a chemical link. Types include: IgG (75%), IgA
(15%), IgM (10%), IgD (0.2%), IgE (0.004%).
Lymphocytes
B cells and T cells are ____ that play major roles in humoral and cell-mediated
immune responses.
helper
___ T cells (CD4) secrete cytokines which attract and activate other immune
cells. They are activated on the recognition of antigens.
cytokines
Interleukins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), growth regulators, interferons, and
erythropoietin are examples of ____, which are communication proteins.
,blood
Each of the five different immunoglobulin types are distributed to a different
part of the body. IgM is distributed to the ____.
tissues
Each of the five different immunoglobulin types are distributed to a different
part of the body. IgG is distributed to the ____.
mucosa
Each of the five different immunoglobulin types are distributed to a different
part of the body. IgA is distributed to the ____. Deficiencies can lead to
repeated infections of the eyes, ears, sinuses, lungs, and GI system. Example:
Benefits of breast feeding.
surfaces
Each of the five different immunoglobulin types are distributed to a different
part of the body. IgE is distributed to body ____. When elevated is a sign of
allergic reactions.
IgA
Breast milk of a mother, when ingested by an infant transfers ____ to the child
and results in intestinal immunity of the child. This an example of natural
passive immunity.
passive
Immune Globulin Injection is an example of an injection that results in [
active / passive ] artificial immunity.
flu
, When you get a ____ shot, this is a form of active, artificial immunity.
natural
Chicken pox is an example of active, [ artificial / natural ] immunity.
D
Vitamin ____ has been shown to enhance the immune system.
transfusion
When IgA is depleted the patient may be at greater risk of a blood ____
reaction.
butterfly
A _____ rash on the face is a symptom of lupus.
Rosacea
Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing mostly
on the nose and cheeks
immune
Recognition (non-self), proliferation, response and effector are the stages of
____ response.
cellular
Humoral response is to B cells as ____ response is to T cells.
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
A systemic autoimmune disease that originates in the synovial tissue with
symmetric joint pain, swelling and warmth and that affects women 2.5 times
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