SLCC Physiology Exam 1 Questions
with Latest Update
Anatomy - Answer-Study of the structure of the body
Physiology - Answer-Study of the function of the body-function depends of structure
Level of Organization - Answer-Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System-each cell classified
by function
4 Cell Types - Answer-Epithelial Cells, Nervous Cells, Muscle Fiber Cells, Connective
Tissue Cells.
4 Tissue Types - Answer-Epithelial Tissue: inside and out is protected by a continuous
layer-absorption secretion-exocrine ducts-endocrine internal , Nervous Tissue:
communication through electrical impulse, Muscle Fiber Tissue: Movement, Connective
Tissue: connect/link, anchor/support body structures
Elastic Fibers - Answer-yellow fibers ; made of protein elastin ; stretchy ; add flexibility
to certain connective tissues
Collagen Fibers - Answer-Fiber that Bind bones and other tissues to each other; Found
in tendon, ligaments, skin, etc
Fibroblasts - Answer-Are cells that secrete matrix proteins
Ground Substance - Answer-Is the matrix of loose connective tissue
Endocrine System - Answer-Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid
gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, pancreas
Provide communication between cells of the body through the release of hormones in
the bloodstream
Nervous System - Answer-Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves
Provide communication between cells through electrical in pluses and the release of
neurotransmitters in between small gaps in certain cells
Musculoskeletal System - Answer-Skeletal Muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments
Support the body; allow voluntary movement of the body and facial expression.
Cardiovascular System - Answer-Heart, Blood vessels, blood
Transport molecules throughout the body in the bloodstream
Respiratory System - Answer-Lungs, pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi
, Bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide from the body
Urinary System - Answer-Kidneys, ureters, Urinary bladder, urethra
Filters blood to regulate the acidity, blood volume, and ion concentration; eliminates
wastes
Gastrointestinal System - Answer-Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large
intestine, liver, pancreas, gall bladder
Break down food and absorb it into the body-lumens are external
Reproductive System - Answer-Gonads, reproductive tracts and glands
Generate offspring
Immune System - Answer-White blood cells, Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, tonsils,
adenoids
Defend the body agains pathogens and abnormal cells
Integumentary System - Answer-Skin
Protects the body from the external enviroment
Membrane Potential - Answer-the difference in electrical potential or voltage across the
cell membrane
TBW - Answer-By percent, 60/40/20 rule: 60% of the body is water: 40% of this is in the
Intracellular Fluid (ICF), and 20% is in the Extracellular Fluid (ECF).
ICF - Answer-Fluid within cells. About 70% of total body water or 40% of the adults body
weight
ECF - Answer-Between the cells of tissues: interstitial fluid, plasma in blood vessels,
and lymph in lymphatic vessels
ICF vs. ISF - Answer-Separated by cell membrane to retain gradients and cell potential
ISF vs. Plasma - Answer-Epithelial cells separates these two parts of the ECF to keep
proteins inside the bloodstream.
Homeostasis - Answer-the maintenance of a constant internal environment by an
organism. Example: temperature, blood pressure, Blood pH
Homeostasis Regulation - Answer-The adjusting of physiological systems within the
body through feedback mechanisms
Negative Feedback Loop - Answer-A feedback loop in which output of one type acts as
input that moves the system in the opposite direction. The input and output essentially
neutralize each other's effects, stabilizing the system.
