EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024.
NCLEX Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
pH - Answer✔✔-7.35-7.45
PCO2 - Answer✔✔-35-45
HCO3 - Answer✔✔-22-28
PO2 - Answer✔✔-80-100%
SaO2 - Answer✔✔-96-100%
BUN - Answer✔✔-8-25
Creatinine - Answer✔✔-0.5-1
Total cholesterol - Answer✔✔-under 200
HDL - Answer✔✔-30-70
LDL - Answer✔✔-less than 130
Triglycerides - Answer✔✔-under 200
protein - Answer✔✔-6-8
albumin - Answer✔✔-3.5-5
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,EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024.
amylase - Answer✔✔-25-151
lipase - Answer✔✔-10-140
ammonia - Answer✔✔-10-80
ALT/AST - Answer✔✔-10-40
Bilirubin - Answer✔✔-total less then 1.5
glucose - Answer✔✔-70-100
A1C - Answer✔✔-under 6%
hemoglobin - Answer✔✔-woman 12-15, male 14-16
hematocrit - Answer✔✔-female 35-45% male 40-50%
platelets - Answer✔✔-150,000-400,000
aPTT - Answer✔✔-20-30 seconds
PT - Answer✔✔-9-11 seconds
INR - Answer✔✔-1 (with warfarin 2-3)
K - Answer✔✔-3.5-5.0: intracellular, neuromuscular/muscular contraction, regulated by kidney.
o Foods: avocado, potatoes, spinach, strawberries, tomatoes, raisins
o NEVER GIVEN IV PUSH, IM, SUBQ, max infusion 10 mEq/hr, K can cause phlebitis=assess IV site
frequently, assess renal function before administering, monitor I&O
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o High/low=impacted heart rhythm, and muscle function w/ leg cramping
o High d/t: K retaining diuretics, CRF, Addison's, tissue damage- if CRF=Kayexalate, IV glucose
with insulin, Ca, dialysis, avoid salt substitutes
o Low d/t diuretics/corticosteroids, vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, CRF, -no supplements on
empty stomach
o Hypo=st depression Hyper=Tall T waves
Na - Answer✔✔-135-145: extracellular, regulates cell size and osmosis, maintains water
balance, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, BP, blood volume, regulates acid-base balance,
regulated by salt intake, aldosterone, urinary output
o Hyponatremia: d/t burns, diarrhea, HF, diuretics, vomiting, diaphoresis, CRF, SIADH, ^BS
*Lithium Tox!
• S/s: mental confusion, seizures, hallucinations, brain herniation, death
o Hypernatremia: HTN, edema, Cushing's, CRF, hyperaldosteronism, hormones, NSAIDS
• s/s: lethargic, excitability, hypovolemia, pulm edema, muscle twitches, coma, dry flushed skin
Chloride - Answer✔✔-96-106: helps balance Na, extracellular fluid
WBC - Answer✔✔-5,000-10,oo0
60% Neutrophil: bacteria/fungus
40% Lymphocyte: virus/tumor
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8% Monocyte: nonspecific
3% Eosinophil: allergies
0% Basophil: allergies
Troponin - Answer✔✔-lower then 0.1
BNP - Answer✔✔-under 100 (+100=HF)
Mg - Answer✔✔-1.5-2.5: ½ in bone, muscle and nerve function, heart rhythm
o Hypermg: d/t CRF, antacids, Addisons, DM- give calcium gluconate
• s/s: lethargy, n/v, slurred speech, weakness, decreased DTR, slowed cardiac conduction
o Hypomg: d/t malnutrition, pre-e, ETOH, DKA, Crohn's, hyperglycemia, sepsis
• s/s: tingling, twitching, tetany, delirium, convulsions, + Chvostek/Trousseau, hyperreflexia
Phosphorus - Answer✔✔-2.8-4.5: cell metabolism, combines w/ Ca in bone, balanced by
parathyroid gland. Ca~P (as one ^/other drops)
Calcium - Answer✔✔-9-11: cardiac contraction, bones, nerves, muscles, clotting
o Hypercalcemia: d/t hyperparathyroidism, cancer, Paget's of bone, prolonged immobilization.
s/s: weakness, paralysis, decreased DTR. Monitor for kidney stones
o Hypocalcemia: d/t rickets, vit D deficiency, renal failure, pancreatitis, chelation therapy,
hypoparathyroidism.
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