nigrostriatal pathway - answer✔from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles):
Parkinson's
mesolimbic pathway - answer✔projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure,
reward, positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling
Tuberoinfundibular pathway - answer✔regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality
in mania
Dopamine - answer✔produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important.
Elevated in the mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics
block dopamine. travels through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular
pathways
Serotonin - answer✔5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A
receptors = atypical antipsychotics.
Norepinephrine - answer✔produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance
GABA - answer✔inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines.
ACTH - answer✔motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance.
Decrease in Alzheimer's disease
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - answer✔CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with
stress and depression
hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) - answer✔TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes
depression, weight gain, slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite.
hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) - answer✔GnRH, FSH, LH. Malfunctions cause
infertility problems.
parietal lobe - answer✔receive and process sensory input
Wernicke's area - answer✔temporal and parietal lobes; speech
amygdala - answer✔fear response.
hippocampus - answer✔memory. Make up limbic system with amydgala
HIPAA - answer✔1. education about privacy protection, 2. access to own medical records, 3.
request amendment to health information to which they object, 4. require permission for
disclosure of medical issues
forensic nursing - answer✔based on crime committed and investigational aspects
correctional nursing - answer✔offender's current mental health and medical condition
research utilization process - answer✔critique, synthesize, apply, measure
internal validity - answer✔when the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the
dependent variable (outcome)
external validity - answer✔when the sample is representative of the population and the results
can be generalized
descriptive statistics - answer✔used to describe the basic features of the data in the study
standard deviation - answer✔indication of the possible deviations from the mean
variance - answer✔how the values are dispersed around the mean - the larger the variance, the
larger the dispersion of scores
inferential statistics - answer✔numerical value that enable one to reach conclusions that extend
beyond immediate data alone - generated by quantitative research designs
t-test - answer✔assess whether means of 2 groups are statistically different from each other
ANOVA - answer✔analysis of variance - tests difference of 3 or more groups
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