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Bio 235 Midterm 1 Exam Study Guide

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Bio 235 Midterm 1 Exam Study Guide. Metabolism - answersum of al chemical processes catabolism - answerthat break down molecules, releasing energy. anabolism - answerthe process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. 3 things that effect growth in the body size - answer1. increase i...

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  • October 15, 2024
  • 56
  • 2024/2025
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  • Bio 235
  • Bio 235
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©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM


Bio 235 Midterm 1 Exam Study Guide.


Metabolism - answer✔sum of al chemical processes

catabolism - answer✔that break down molecules, releasing energy.

anabolism - answer✔the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.

3 things that effect growth in the body size - answer✔1. increase in the size of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells

differentiation - answer✔unspecialized cells becomes specialized

reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - answer✔1. tissue growth, repair or
replacement
2. production of a new individual

fluid within the cells - answer✔intracellular fluid

fluid outside the cells - answer✔extracellular fluid

ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - answer✔interstitial fluid

what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - answer✔controlled condition

what is the stimulus - answer✔any disruption that changes a controlled condition

what's the receptor - answer✔body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled condition
and sends inputs

what is an afferent pathway-input - answer✔flows towards the control center (nerve impulse or
chemical signal)

what is the control center - answer✔sets the range of values within which a controlled condition
should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output
commands when they are needed

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM

efferent pathway - answer✔flow away from control center to effector

effector - answer✔body structure receiving output and brings about change and produces a
response that alters the controlled condition

negative feedback system - answer✔reverses a change in a controlled condition

positive feedback loop - answer✔strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled condition
until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial change-child birth

disorder - answer✔abnormality of a structure or function

disease - answer✔illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

symptom - answer✔subjective changes not visible to the observer

sign - answer✔objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)

prone - answer✔body is lying face down

supine - answer✔body is lying face up

ipsilateral - answer✔same side

contralateral - answer✔different sides

superficial - answer✔towards the surface of the skin

deep - answer✔away from surface of the skin

sagittal plane - answer✔divides the body into left and right

Midsagittal (median) plane - answer✔divides into equal left and right sides

parasagittal plane - answer✔unequal sides left and right

fronta (coronal plane) - answer✔divides front and back (anterior/posterior)

transverse plane - answer✔superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane cross-
sectional)

oblique plane - answer✔anything but 90 degrees

cranial cavity - answer✔contains head

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM

Vertebral (spine) cavity - answer✔contains spinal cord and vertebral column-continuous of the
cranial cavity

Meninges - answer✔layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord

thoracic cavity - answer✔chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic portion of the
vertebral column

pericardial cavity - answer✔surrounds the heart

pleura cavity - answer✔surrounds lungs

visceral layer of cavity - answer✔inner layer

parietal layer of cavity - answer✔outer layer

mediastinum cavity - answer✔between the lugs extending from the sternum to the vertebral
column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and BV's but not
the lungs

diaphragm - answer✔dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic
cavity

abdominopelvic cavity - answer✔from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the reproductive
system

viscera - answer✔organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

major elements of body mass - answer✔nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

lesser elements 8 - answer✔Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine,
Magnesium, Iron

what are the three subatomic particles - answer✔neutrons, protons, electrons

nucleus - answer✔core of an atom

proton - answer✔positively charged (in nucleus)

neutron - answer✔neutral no charge (in nucleus)

electrons - answer✔negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM

number of protons =? - answer✔number of electrons

atomic number is what - answer✔number of protons/electrons

mass number - answer✔sum of protons and neutrons

isotopes - answer✔Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) - answer✔An isotope of an atom that spontaneously emits
one or more types of radioactivity into stable configuration

half-life - answer✔the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half

atomic mass/weight - answer✔average of the natural occurring isotopes

ion - answer✔has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal number of protons and
electrons

ionization - answer✔the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become stable

molecule - answer✔when two or more atoms share an electron

compound - answer✔substance made up of two or more different elements

free radicals - answer✔atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell making it
unstable-become stable by gaining or losing from another element (this breaks apart important
elements) UV rays, x-rays

ionic bond - answer✔force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

cation - answer✔positively charged ion-loses an electron

anion - answer✔negatively charged ion-gains an electron

electrolyte - answer✔an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive or negative ions in a
solution

covalent bond - answer✔two more more atoms share electrons

non-polar - answer✔equal sharing of electrons

polar - answer✔sharing of electrons is unequal

electronegativity - answer✔power to attract electrons to itself

hydrogen bond - answer✔forms when hydrogen bonds to N,O,F

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