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BSC 2085 EXAM #2 YUNG SU FSU QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
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The Skeletal System → bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues 5 Primary Functions of the Skeletal System → 1. support → 2. storage of minerals and lipids → 3. blood cell production → 4. protection → 5. leverage Support → structural support for the...

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  • October 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • bsc 2085 exam 2 yung su fsu questions and answers
  • the skeletal system bones of the skeleton carti

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BSC 2085 EXAM #2 YUNG SU FSU
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
The Skeletal System

→ bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues


5 Primary Functions of the Skeletal System

→ 1. support
→ 2. storage of minerals and lipids
→ 3. blood cell production
→ 4. protection
→ 5. leverage


Support


→ structural support for the whole body, attachment for soft tissues/organs


Storage of Minerals

→ calcium (most abundant mineral in body) and lipids (yellow bone marrow - energy
reserves)


Blood Cell Production

→ occurs in red bone marrow


Protection


→ skull protects brain, ribs protect heart/lungs, vertebrae protects spinal cord


Leverage



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→ (force of movement) allows body movement when skeletal muscles contract


Sutural Bones


→ small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull. They range
in size from a grain of sand to a quarter. Their borders are like pieces of a jigsaw
pule.zz


Irregular Bones

→ complex shaped bones with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces. The vertebrae that
form the spinal column, the bones of the pelvis, and several bones in the skull are this
type of bone.


Short Bones


→ bones that are ox like in appearance. Examples include the carpal bones (wrists) and
tarsal bones (ankles).


Flat Bones

→ bones that have thin, parallel surfaces. They form the roof of the skull, the sternum
(breastbone), the ribs, and the scapulae (shoulder blades). They provide protection for
underlying soft tissues and offer an extensive surface area for the attachment of
skeletal muscles.


Long Bones

→ bones that are relatively long and slender. They are located in the arm and forearm,
thigh and leg, palms, soles, fingers, and toes. The femur, one of these bones of the
thigh, is the largest and heaviest bone in the body.


Sesamoid Bones

→ bones that are usually small, round, and flat. They are found near joints of the knees,
hands, and feet. Few people have these at every possible location, but everyone has
patellae (a small shallow dish) or kneecaps.



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Bone Markings

→ surface features of bones such as depressions, grooves, or tunnels along bone surface


Diaphysis

→ the tubular shaft of a long bone (compact bone)


Epiphysis


→ wide part of a long bone (distal/proximal) (spongy bone)


Metaphysis

→ where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet


Bone (Osseous) Tissue

→ •Dense, supportive connective tissue
→ •Contains specialized cells
→ •Produces solid matrix of calcium salt deposits around collagen fibers


Osteocytes

→ bone cells


Lacunae

→ chambers surrounded by the bone matrix


Canaliculi




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→ small channels that connects lacunae to each other and to blood vessels of the central
canal (form pathways for blood vessels for exchange of nutrients and wastes)


Periosteum

→ -covers outer surfaces of bones
→ -consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers


Bone Matrix

→ composed of minerals (2/3's calcium) and matrix proteins (1/3 protein fibers
'collagen')


Bone Cells


→ 1. osteoprogenitor cells
→ 2. osteoblasts
→ 3. osteocytes
→ 4. osteoclasts


Osteoprogenitor (Osteogenic) Cells


→ -mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts
→ -located in the endosteum (lines the medullary cavity and passageway for blood
vessels found in the matrix of compact bone) and the inner cellular layer of periosteum
→ -important in fracture repair


Osteoblasts

→ •immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis)
→ •When these cells become surrounded by bone, they become osteocytes


Osteoid



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