Summary
Summary PHARMACOKINETICS PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1.
- Course
- Institution
PHARMACOKINETICS PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1.
[Show more]
Content preview
PHARMACOKINETICS PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEKPHARMACOKINETICS PHARM
WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1
(what the body does to the drug as it moves through the system) Four major
pharmacokinetic processes:
o Drug absorption o
Drug distribution o
Drug metabolism o
Drug excretion
• Vocabulary terms: o Excretion o Extended release
o First-pass effect o
Formulation
o Generic
o Ghost capsules of pills
o Half-life T1/2 o
Induction o Inhaled
formulations o
Inhibition o Lipophilic
o Loading dose o
Metabolite
o Minimum effective
concentration (MEC)
PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1 |
, PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1
o P450 enzyme system
o Parenteral
• Vocabulary terms – occur as drug moves through body:
o Peak level of drug o
Per os (PO) o
Pharmacokinetics o
Pharmacogenetics o P
glycoprotein
o Placental drug transfer
o Plateau o Prodrug
o Protein binding o
Reconstitution o Renal
dosing o Scored o
Suppository o
Sustained-release o
Synergistic o
Therapeutic range o
Topically
o Transdermal o Trough
level of drug
Passage of drugs
across membranes o
Drugs must pass
PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1 |
, PHARMACOKINETICS PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK
through membranes in
order to reach their
targets o Three ways
to cross a cell
membrane
Cannels and pores (small ions)
Transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
• P-glycoprotein is a protein that transports drugs across cell membranes
• Some drugs inhibit or activate CYP450 and P-glycoprotein
Direct penetration (must be lipid soluble or lipophilic) (MOST COMMON!)
• Factors that affect drug absorption o Rate of dissolution
o Bioavailability of the drug (IMPORTANT)
Example: Alendronate which is a bisphosphonate for
osteoporosis
Known to have a low bioavailability which is why patients
must take with a full glass of water and wait 30min-1hr before they take
anything else. The availability of the drug to be absorbed is extremely limited.
o Surface area
o Blood flow
o Lipid solubility o pH partitioning
• Routes of Administration o Oral per os PO
• Tablets, capsules, liquids, enteric coasted, sustained release
• Absorption is variable with PO
PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1 |
, PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1
• Acid in stomach enzymes and the liver and inactivate PO drugs o
When patients take acid reducers, it can impact the absorption of the
drugs
Scored tablets
• Ease in splitting the dose, half of the dose is contained on each side of
the tablet
• Half of the dose is not assured if the tablet cut in half is not scored
Slow release (SR)
• Some ER, SR, CR can be cut in half
• Others have a rapid release and extended release portion and should
not be chewed
• Example: Hydrocodone controlled release (OxyContin)
• Chewing the tablets can lead to overdose
Ghost Capsule
• Slow release that occurs through little micro pores in the capsule
• Capsule comes out unchanged in the stool
• Examples: Quetiapine XL, Trazadone, Oxycodone, Paliperidone
(Invega) Sublingual (SL)
• Example: Nitroglycerin (can be given topically, SL, or IV because it
is destroyed in the “first pas” through the liver)
• Nitro has a large first pass effect, so you have to give it parenterally
(non-orally) and sublingual is considered parenterally because it is
absorbed from the mucous membranes directly into the bloodstream
PHARM WEEK 1 NOTES - WEEK 1 |
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lennyjast. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now