What is MHC? - answer-Major histocompatibility complex
What was MHC first recognized for? - answer-Self/non-self discrimination in transplant rejection
What is MHC absolutely essential for? - answer-Displaying an antigen to T-cells
What is the only way T-cells can see antigens? - answer-In...
MDSC 321 Final Exam GRADED A
What is MHC? - answer-✔Major histocompatibility complex
What was MHC first recognized for? - answer-✔Self/non-self discrimination in
transplant rejection
What is MHC absolutely essential for? - answer-✔Displaying an antigen to T-cells
What is the only way T-cells can see antigens? - answer-✔In the context of self
MHC
How many classes of MHC are there? Define them and their function. - answer-✔I
- presentations of antigens inside the cell to killer T-cells
II - presentation of extracellular antigens to helper T-cells
III - secreted proteins not involved in antigen presentation
Where is MHC II expressed? - answer-✔Only in membranes of antigen presenting
cells (macrophages and dendritic cells and B-cells)
What are the names of the 3 genes MHC II has? - answer-✔HLA-DP, HLA-DQ,
HLA-DR
How many chains does each MHC II gene have? - answer-✔2 chains - alpha and
beta
,Where is MHC I NOT expressed? - answer-✔Red blood cells
How many chains do MHC I genes have? - answer-✔1 chain - alpha
What are the names of the genes MHC I has? - answer-✔HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
What does polygenic mean? How many genes does MHC have? - answer-✔more
than 1 gene; MHC has 6
True or False: not all MHC molecules within an individual are the same. - answer-
✔False. MHC molecules differ between individuals, but are the same within one.
What is MHC a result of? - answer-✔Polymorphism
What is a polymorphism? How do they arise? - answer-✔multiples alleles in a
gene loci; arise due to mutations
How many MHC are expressed on an antigen presenting cell? Explain where they
come from. - answer-✔(3 MHC I + 3 MHC II from mom) + (3 MHC I + 3 MHC II
from dad) = 12
Where does the diversity in an MHC molecule occur? - answer-✔Peptide binding
cleft
What is/are the difference(s) between the peptide binding cleft of MHC I and II?
What do these differences mean? - answer-✔Class I has cleft that is closed at the
end - peptide must be completely contained
, Class II has cleft that is open at the end - peptide is exposed flat across the surface
like a hot dog in a bun
What is antigen processing? - answer-✔Degradation of the antigen into peptides
What is antigen presentation? - answer-✔Binding of peptide to MHC and
displaying it to interact with T-cells
What is TAP? - answer-✔Transporter of antigenic peptides
Explain the 5 steps of antigen processing for MHC I. - answer-✔1. Identify
antigens
2. Cleavage of the protein done by proteasome
3. Transport to ER done by TAP
4. Peptides loaded into binding cleft
5. Whole complex transported to surface within vesicles
What stabilizes MHC while it waits for a peptide to be loaded? - answer-
✔Chaperone proteins
Explain the 6 steps of antigen processing for MHC II. - answer-✔1. Internalization
of target into phagosome/endosome
2. Digest the antigen in the endocytic pathway
3. Make MHC II in the ER
4. Vesicles with MHC II are moved to the Golgi and fuse with endolysosomes
5. Peptide loaded into binding cleft
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