(NR-283) Final Readiness Exam Q & S - Pathophysiology.(NR-283) Final Readiness Exam Q & S - Pathophysiology.(NR-283) Final Readiness Exam Q & S - Pathophysiology.
,1. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis?
- a) Accumulation of red blood cells in blood vessels
- b) Formation of plaque due to the accumulation of lipids,
calcium, and cellular debris
- c) Decrease in arterial lumen diameter due to muscular
hypertrophy
- d) Enhanced elasticity of arterial walls
- Answer: b) Formation of plaque due to the
accumulation of lipids, calcium, and cellular debris
- Rationale: Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup,
which is characterized by lipid accumulation and fibrous
elements in the large arteries.
2. The characteristic pathological change in Alzheimer's
disease includes:
- a) Loss of dopamine-producing neurons
- b) Formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid
plaques
- c) Decreased levels of serotonin
- d) Autoimmune destruction of synaptic junctions
- Answer: b) Formation of neurofibrillary tangles and
amyloid plaques
- Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is marked by the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in
the brain.
, - c) Hexosaminidase A
- d) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
- Answer: b) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
- Rationale: PKU results from a deficiency of the enzyme
phenylalanine hydroxylase, which leads to elevated levels
of phenylalanine.
4. Which of the following is a common trigger for the
sickle-cell crisis?
- a) Hyperthermia
- b) Hypoxia
- c) Excess hydration
- d) Hypercalcemia
- Answer: b) Hypoxia
- Rationale: Hypoxia decreases the solubility of
hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to sickle and
lead to a crisis.
5. In asthma, which cell type is primarily responsible for
the release of inflammatory mediators?
- a) Erythrocytes
- b) Neutrophils
- c) Mast cells
- d) Basophils
- Answer: c) Mast cells
- Rationale: Mast cells release histamine and other
inflammatory mediators that contribute to the
pathophysiology of asthma.
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