(BIO116) Midterm Readiness Exam Q & S - A & P II (Non Lab)(BIO116) Midterm Readiness Exam Q & S - A & P II (Non Lab)(BIO116) Midterm Readiness Exam Q & S - A & P II (Non Lab)(BIO116) Midterm Readiness Exam Q & S - A & P II (Non Lab)
,1. Which of the following hormones is critical for the
regulation of sodium and potassium balance?
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Aldosterone
d) Parathyroid Hormone
Answer: c) Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal
cortex and plays a critical role in regulating sodium and
potassium balance by increasing sodium reabsorption and
potassium excretion in the kidneys.
2. During ventricular systole, which heart valves are open?
a) Atrioventricular valves
b) Semilunar valves
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: b) Semilunar valves
Rationale: During ventricular systole, semilunar valves
(aortic and pulmonary valves) are open to allow blood to be
ejected from the heart into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Atrioventricular valves are closed to prevent backflow into
the atria.
, Answer: c) Loop of Henle
Rationale: The Loop of Henle, more specifically the
descending limb, is primarily responsible for the
reabsorption of water, a process vital for concentrating
urine.
4. Which structure in the respiratory system is the site for
the exchange of gases?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Bronchioles
Answer: c) Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs
where the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
occurs between the air and the blood.
5. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for
antibody production?
a) T-cells
b) Macrophages
c) B-cells
d) Neutrophils
Answer: c) B-cells
Rationale: B-cells are a type of white blood cell that
differentiates into plasma cells capable of producing
antibodies, thus playing a central role in humoral immunity.
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