Exam (elaborations)
Bioethics Midterm Exam (Phil 345) with 100% Correct Answers | 2024/2025 | Rated A+
- Course
- Institution
Bioethics Midterm Exam (Phil 345) with 100% Correct Answers | 2024/2025 | Rated A+
[Show more]
Content preview
Bioethics Midterm Exam (Phil 345) with 100% CorrectAnswers | 2024/2025 | Rated A+
Transhumanism (Agar) - ✔✔• movement of the desirability to improve the human condition
by creating technology that will eliminate aging & enhance intellectual/ physical/ psychological
capabilities
• the article says that BY REASON (rationality) we should all support this & want everyone to
be "super human"
The "intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability
of fundamentally improving the human condition through applied reason,
·Especially by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and
to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities."
· --------- look forward to posthumans
· Posthumans= "future beings whose basic capacities so radically exceed those of
present humans as to be no longer unambiguously human by our current standards."
Agar "Whereto Transhumanism" - ✔✔o Discuses both sides but brings up anti-
transhumanism arguments
universal v. local value
,humanity as a local value
universal v. local value (Agar) - ✔✔-------Values for everyone
o E.g. core moral values
o "One's moral status should not depend on who is making the judgment" p.
16 One's moral status should not depend on who is making the judgement
• Example: preventing/ curing disease
--------Values that depend on who is judging
o Values we place on family and friends are to large extent -------
Ex.) a parent can expect that you recognize the moral considerability of her child, but she
should not expect you to value him just as she does.
humanity as a local value (Agar) - ✔✔Agar argues "much of the value we place on our
own humanity is local" p. 16.
· "I value humanity because I'm human"
· does not expect the value that he places on humanity to be accessible to posthumans
Bioconservatism - ✔✔Supporters "share a desire to keep us and our near descendents
human, even if this means keeping us and them dumb, diseased, and short lived"
Kass "The Wisdom of Repugnance" - ✔✔o Explanation of why we feel disgust over cloning
and genetic manipulation.
Quiescent Period - ✔✔Pelligrino
• a time of influence by the major schools of Greek philosophy
• acting w/ Hipp. Oath
, • -- 2500 year period where medical decision making focused NOT on principles of moral
choice, but on being a VIRTUOUS PHYSICIAN
• obligations of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and confidentiality.
• rules regarding dress, gossip, reputation, cleanliness, education
• prohibitions against abortion, euthanasia, surgery & sexual relationships with patients
• emphasis on duty, compassion, and love/friendship with patient
• ended in the 1960s due to societal changes (better educated public, civil rights movements,
feminism, heightened sense of ethnicity, distrust of authority/institutions, etc.)
• **** The # and complexity of medical ethical issues expanded as the power of medical
technology presented new challenges to traditional values
Principlism - ✔✔Pelligrino
• emerged when doctors recognized the dangers of confusing law or economics with ethics-
- therefore reducing professional ethics to nothing more than personal opinion
• EMERGENCE OF PRIMA FACIE --(Ross, Beuchamp & Childress) -- recognized the difficulties in
finding agreement on the most fundamental questions of ethics (the nature of good/ ultimate
source of morality)
• ****4 principles of medical ethics that should always be accepted at face value
(nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy and justice)
• reduced some of the looseness and subjectivity of the Hippocratic Ethic by providing
fairly specific action guidelines
• the 4 principles avoided direct confrontation with the divisive issues of abortion, euthanasia,
etc.
• ^^ hoped to steer a course between the absolutism of principles and the relativism
of situational ethics
principles are too abstract and rationalistic, they do not take into account a person's
character, life, gender, culture, etc.
Anti-Principlism - ✔✔Pelligrino
• Many critics of the limitations of principles (Brody, Holmes, Gustafon, Clouser and Gert)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Examsplug. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.24. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
