Test Bank Solution Manual for Cardiovascular System Rated 100%

Test Bank Solution Manual for Cardiovascular System Rated 100% What is the function of the cardiovascular system? - Answers Transportation About how much does the heart weigh and what is it's size? - Answers Less than a pound and the size of a fist Mediastinum - Answers Space between the lungs where the heart lies Apex - Answers The pointed end of the heart that rests on the diaphragm (it is directed toward the left hip) Base - Answers Top part of the heart that is broad Pericardium - Answers Double-walled sac that the heart sits in and contains serous fluid between the layers to prevent friction Pericarditis - Answers Inflammation of the pericardium that results in the decrease in the serous fluid What are the 3 layers of the heart wall? - Answers 1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium Endocardium - Answers A thin sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers, it is continuous with the linings of the blood vessels (innermost layer of the heart wall) How many hollow chambers does the heart has? - Answers 4 Atria - Answers Receiving chambers, blood comes into the heart Where are the atria located? - Answers Superior Ventricles - Answers Bottom chambers that send out blood Interatrial or intraventricular septum - Answers Divides the heart longitudinally Which side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins? - Answers The Right Side Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae - Answers The veins that bring in blood from the upper and lower parts of the body to the heart Pulmonary Arteries - Answers Carry blood to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. (Takes blood to the lungs) Pulmonary Vein - Answers Vein that brings blood back from the lungs to the heart Aorta - Answers the largest artery in the body that sends out oxygenated blood to the body How many valves are contained within the heart? - Answers 4 What is the purpose of the valves? - Answers Allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers (from the atria through the ventricles) Where are the Atrioventricula Valves (AV) located? - Answers Between the atrial and the ventricular chambers on each side. What do the AV nodes do? - Answers They prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract What is the left AV node called? - Answers Bicuspid or mitral valve How many flaps does the bicuspid valve have? - Answers 2 What is the right AV node called? - Answers Tricuspid Valve How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have? - Answers 3 Semilunar valves - Answers Set of valves that guards the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have? - Answers 3 Left Aortic - Answers three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps) Right Pulmonic - Answers three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps) When do the AV valves open? - Answers During heart relaxation When are the semilunar valves closed? - Answers During heart relaxation Valvular Stenosis - Answers When the valve flaps become stiff Endocarditis - Answers Bacterial infection of endocardium (Enlarges Heart) Coronary Arteries - Answers Branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart Angina Pectoris - Answers When the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and results in a crushing chest pain. Myocardial Infacrtion - Answers Heart Attack, heart cells die because of prolonges oxygen deprivation Why are the walls of the atria thicker? - Answers They carry high pressure How much blood does the heart pump in one day? - Answers It pushed the body's supply of 6 quarts of blood (6 liters) through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning it actually pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day. What are the 2 systems that act to regulate the heart activity? - Answers 1. Autonomic Nervous System 2. Intrinsic Factor Intrinsic Conduction System - Answers Sets the basic rhythm On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute? - Answers 75 Where is the SA node located? - Answers Right Atrium Where is the AV node located? - Answers At the junction of the atria and the ventricles Sinoatrial (SA) Node is also known as... - Answers the pacemaker of the heart Purkinje Fibers - Answers Spread within the muscle of the ventricle walls Describe how the Intrinsic Conduction System Works - Answers 1st the SA node (a tiny cell mass) starts each heartbeat and sets the pace. 2nd From the SA node, the impulses spreads through the atria to the AV node to cause a contraction 3rd Once the AV node is finished contracting it is passed though the AV bundle, the bundle of his, the bundle braches and the purkinjie fibers. Heart Block - Answers When the SA and AV nodes are not communicating and when there is damage to the SA node What is the result when damage is done to the SA node? - Answers Slower heart rate Ischemia - Answers Lack of blood supply to the heart muscle Fibrillation - Answers A rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle, major cause of death in heart attacks Tachycardia - Answers Rapid Heart Beat (over 100 beats per minute) Bradycardia - Answers Slow Hear Beat (less than 60 beats per minute) Systole - Answers When the ventricles contract Diastole - Answers When the ventricles relax Murmurs - Answers Abnormal or unusual heart beat because blood is flowing backwards