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AP US History Exam Review, the colonial era - at 9/11 Study Guide

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AP US History Exam Review, the colonial era - at 9/11 Study Guide Great Columbian / Biological Exchange - Answer-Exchange of plants and animals between the New World and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492. Christopher Columbus - Answer-Italian explorer, sailed from Spain in 1492 ...

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  • October 16, 2024
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AP US History Exam Review, the colonial
era - at 9/11 Study Guide

Great Columbian / Biological Exchange - Answer✔✔-Exchange of plants and animals between

the New World and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492.


Christopher Columbus - Answer✔✔-Italian explorer, sailed from Spain in 1492 and reached

Americas, greatly increased European awareness of the North American Continent


Bartolomeo de las Casas - Answer✔✔-16th Century Spanish Historian, Dominican Friar,

"Protector of the Indians;" opposed atrocities by colonizers on Indigenous people


Spanish empire - Answer✔✔-Empire control in Mexico, South America, and Florida, religious

empire; Franciscans + mission system, defensive buffers vs. English, French, and Russians.

Economic empire.


French empire - Answer✔✔-Empire control in Canada, Ohio, and Mississippi River Valley with

Louisiana. Religious: Jesuits. Positive indigenous relations. Fur trade. Coureurs du bois.


English/British Empire - Answer✔✔-Exhibited control in the form of dominions, colonies,

mandates, and territories. Queen Elizabeth I was a prominent ruler during the colonial period of

this empire. French Rivalry + engaged in Columbian Exchange.




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Jamestown - Answer✔✔-First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia. Founded by

London Company


Mayflower Compact - Answer✔✔-Pilgrims/Separatists agreement: agreement to obey laws

created by the community and a profession of allegiance to the king


Chesapeake colonies - Answer✔✔-Term for the colonies of Maryland and Virginia


Virginia colony - Answer✔✔-This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was Jamestown.

Charter to stock company/royal. Tobacco was vital to its survival.


1619 - Answer✔✔-The year when the first U.S representative assembly was established - House

of Burgesses (Jamestown, Virginia)


Bacon's rebellion - Answer✔✔-Colonial uprising that took place in 1676 in the Virginia colony,

led by Nathaniel Bacon. Virginians resented William Berkeley's friendly policy towards Native

Americans. This was the first rebellion in American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen

took part.


Maryland colony - Answer✔✔-Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, founded to be a place for

persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven, act of toleration


Toleration Act - Answer✔✔-Guaranteed religious toleration to trinitarian Christians, but decreed

the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe in the divinity of Jesus

Christ,




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New England colonies - Answer✔✔-The term for the colonies of Massachusetts bay, Rhode

Island, and New Hampshire


Massachusetts Bay Colony - Answer✔✔-Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the

Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill"


John Winthrop - Answer✔✔-Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City

upon a hill"


"City upon a hill" - Answer✔✔-Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists

emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a

model society to the world/moral commonwealth


Anne Hutchinson - Answer✔✔-Woman who challenged Purtian religous authorities in

Massachusetts Bay. Puritan authorities banished her because she challenged religious doctrine,

gender roles. clerical authority, and claimed to have had revelations from God


King Philip's war - Answer✔✔-1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives

in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England

encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to

defeat them


Salem Witch Trials - Answer✔✔-1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a Massachussetts

Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress. Spectral evidence was

used frequently.



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Rhode Island Colony - Answer✔✔-Self-governing colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636;

granted freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration; disestablishment,

universal suffrage for white males w/property qualifications; most democratic


Disestablishment - Answer✔✔-Separation of church and state; no religion is officially supported

by the state/government; opposed tax-supported church


Connecticut colony - Answer✔✔-Colony founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636; self-governing;

origin of Fundamental Orders


Fundamental Orders - Answer✔✔-The first constitution written in North America; granted ALL

adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in Massachutes


New Amsterdam - Answer✔✔-Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New

Netherland. This later became "New York City"


Restoration colonies - Answer✔✔-Colonies created as a result from the land grants in North

America given by King Charles II of England The two major restoration colonies were

Pennsylvania and Carolina.


New York colony - Answer✔✔-Colony founded by Dutch in 1624. Very diverse and wealthy

colony. Contained the Hudson river


Pennsylvania colony - Answer✔✔-Colony formed from the "Holy Experiment"; settled by

Quakers. Founded by William Penn, who bought land from the Native Americans. Allowed

religious freedom



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