Developmental Biology Final Exam LATEST SOLUTION 2024 GUARANTEED GRADE A+
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Developmental Biology Fnal Exm
Institution
Developmental Biology Fnal Exm
Gametes are formed within the gonads (testis and ovaries) and the tissue that directly creates the gametes is generically called:
germ line
Name two tissue types/organs formed by the endoderm
digestive tube, respiratory tube
Name two tissue types/organs formed by the ectoderm
skin cells, CNS
...
Developmental Biology Final Exam
LATEST SOLUTION 2024 GUARANTEED
GRADE A+
Gametes are formed within the gonads (testis and ovaries) and the
tissue that directly creates the gametes is generically called:
germ line
Name two tissue types/organs formed by the endoderm
digestive tube, respiratory tube
Name two tissue types/organs formed by the ectoderm
skin cells, CNS
Name two tissue types/organs formed by the mesoderm
Red blood cells, organs
Exogenous agents that cause disruptions during development resulting
in the formation of congenital defects
teratogens
The theory states that every cell of an organism contains all the
genetic material required to form a new organism is called the theory
of:
genomic equivalence
The early embryonic structure is called the
blastula
the blastula is made up of cells called
blastomeres
and the blastula contains a hollow space called the
blastocoel
A DNA sequence that controls the efficiency and rate of transcription
from a specific promoter is called
an enhancer region
What type of histone modification that we discussed would most
generally increase transcription?
acetylation of histones
What type of histone modification that we discussed would most
generally decrease transcription?
methylation of histones
Following gastrulation three tissue layers are formed. What are they?
The germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
In mammals transcription rates from X chromosomes are normalized by
chemical modification of the DNA. The specific cellular process the
cell uses to normalize transcription from the X chromosome is called:
x-chromosome inactivation
, The generic name for the process of normalizing transcription rates
when dealing with unequal numbers of chromosomes is called
dosage compensation
In order to create a targeted mutation in the genome of a mouse
through what cellular process/mechanism is a mutant gene inserted?
homologous recombination
During the process of experimental transplants. what embryonic
structure did Hilde Mangold and Otto Mangold in the Spemann lab find
to be the first tissue that is "fated"?
dorsal lip "the organizer"
Any nucleotide sequence (typically a functional gene unit of some
kind) that is "transplanted" or incorporated (generally) artificially
into a cell or organism
transgene
When considering transcription what is a repressor?
A transcription factor that binds to the promoter blocking or
decreasing transcription
Stains used to label living cells without killing them are called
vital dyes
If cyclin B has recently been degraded describe what is happening to
the cell's chromosome.
If cyclin B has recently been degraded then the cell's chromosomes
will move from metaphase into anaphase
a mRNA that is present in the oocyte prior to fertilization but
greatly influences development is called what, generally?
maternal effect gene
In zygotes containing large amounts of yolk wherein only a portion of
the cytoplasm is cleaved (leading to non-equal cell division) this
gives rise to two types of blastomeres
micrometers and macromeres
Structures through which critical molecules are transported from
nurse cell to nurse cell and ultimately to the oocyte during
drosophila oogenesis are called
ring canals
Upon fertilization an enzyme acts at the cell membrane where it finds
its substrates. One of its products is essential for calcium release
from the ER. What is the name of (i) the enzyme and (ii) what is the
name of its product responsible for opening calcium channels in the
ER?
(i) PLC or phospholipase C
(ii) IP3
A layer of cells surrounding the mammalian egg, which is mad cup of
the innermost layer of ovarian follicle cells that were nurturing the
egg at the time of its release from the ovary
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