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10/14/2024 11:14 PM
CMSRN #2 Exam Questions And Correct
Answers
What type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to
decreased serum sodium concentration? - answer✔dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - answer✔edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - answer✔fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - answer✔true hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - answer✔dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - answer✔replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - answer✔burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of
sodium? - answer✔hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - answer✔fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - answer✔dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - answer✔decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? - answer✔chloride - works to maintain acid/base
balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - answer✔renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - answer✔PH, insulin, calcium
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10/14/2024 11:14 PM
causes of hyperkalemia - answer✔cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing
diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - answer✔irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels,
bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - answer✔limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and
insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? -
answer✔hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - answer✔potassium
causes of hypokalemia - answer✔vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia - answer✔muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis,
shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - answer✔potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level - answer✔9-10.5
where is calcium stored? - answer✔bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - answer✔Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - answer✔phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - answer✔hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - answer✔cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin
D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - answer✔sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech,
impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - answer✔decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia - answer✔decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate
levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
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10/14/2024 11:14 PM
symptoms of hypocalcemia - answer✔chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia - answer✔increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? -
answer✔chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - answer✔trousseaus sign
normal level of phosphate - answer✔3-4.5
symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship - answer✔phosphate
Normal level of magnesium - answer✔1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium - answer✔135-145
normal level of potassium - answer✔3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia - answer✔poor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia - answer✔Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors, seizures,
cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
treatment for hypermagnesemia - answer✔calcium gluconate
what is serum osmolality? - answer✔how thick solution is
what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? - answer✔the patient is dry
what type of solution is NS, LR? - answer✔isotonic
what does an isotonic solution do? - answer✔expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? - answer✔hypertonic
what does a hypertonic solution do? - answer✔Pulls fluid into the intravascular space from
tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
