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NU 327 EXAM 3 QUSTIONS AND ANSWERS

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NU 327 EXAM 3 QUSTIONS AND ANSWERS What is the primary function of the lungs? - Answer-gas exchange ________ is transported to the body tissues. - Answer-Oxygen __________ a waste product, is transported out of the body - Answer-Carbon dioxide The exchange of these gases (oxygen and carbon diox...

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  • October 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • 2024/2025
  • 2024/2025
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EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024




NU 327 EXAM 3 QUSTIONS AND ANSWERS


What is the primary function of the lungs? - Answer✔✔-gas exchange


________ is transported to the body tissues. - Answer✔✔-Oxygen


__________ a waste product, is transported out of the body - Answer✔✔-Carbon dioxide


The exchange of these gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) take place where? - Answer✔✔-

alveolar-capillary membrane


upper airway structures include - Answer✔✔-nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx


lower airway structures include - Answer✔✔-larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchipulmonary

segments, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, acinus


nasal cavity - Answer✔✔-conducts gases to and from the lungs, and filters, warms, and

humidifies the air. rigid box composed of two-thirds cartilage and one-third bone, which

prevents collapse during movement of air.


vibrissae - Answer✔✔-large hairs of the nasal cavity


cilia - Answer✔✔-sweep foreign particles trapped by mucus into the nasopharynx, where they

are swallowed or expectorated. They line the trachea and bronchi, defense against "invaders"

and produce cough reflex.




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How is ciliary function impaired? - Answer✔✔-smoking, alcohol ingestion, hypothermia,

hyperthermia, cold air, low humidity, starvation, anesthetics, corticosteroids, noxious gases, the

common cold, and increased mucus production


larynx - Answer✔✔-the transition area between the upper and lower airways. contains

epiglottis, vocal chords and cartilages.


300 million - Answer✔✔-Adult lungs contain how many alveoli?


alveoli - Answer✔✔-grapelike clusters of air filled sacs that are responsible for gas exchange


Type II - Answer✔✔-alveolar cell that produces surfactant


Type I - Answer✔✔-alveolar cell that lowers surface tension and facilitates gas exchange


Right lung - Answer✔✔-consists of upper, middle, and lower lobes


Left lung - Answer✔✔-consists of upper and lower lobes


bronchial artery system - Answer✔✔-supplies a small amount of oxygenated blood to the

pleura and lung tissues


pulmonary artery system - Answer✔✔-provides a vast capillary network for O2 and CO2

exchange. Pulmonary artery trunk leaves RV with unoxygenated blood


Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart


T - Answer✔✔-T/F Filtration of fluid through pulmonary capillaries is influenced by hydrostatic

pressure and colloid osmotic pressure in the same way as other capillaries


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T - Answer✔✔-T/F Excessive filtration can lead to pulmonary edema, which interferes with

normal gas exchange.


Ventilation - Answer✔✔-the process of moving air into the lungs and distributing air within the

lungs to gas exchange units (alveoli) for maintenance of oxygenation and removal of carbon

dioxide (CO2)


Where is the neural control of the respiratory system located? - Answer✔✔-medulla oblongata

and pons (respiratory center of the brain)


central chemoreceptors - Answer✔✔-within the medullary center respond to changes in CO2

level and pH


peripheral chemoreceptors - Answer✔✔-located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies respond

primarily to decreases in arterial O2 concentration


Hering-Breuer reflex - Answer✔✔-involves stretch receptors located in the alveolar septa,

bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflation of the lung initiates the response that sends neuronal

impulses up the vagus nerve to the medulla to cause inhibition of inspiration. Therefore, the

rate and duration of inspiration are affected. This reflex is primarily seen in neonates (less so in

adults) and at high tidal volumes (greater than 1500 ml) and prevents overinflation of the lung


proprioceptors - Answer✔✔-located in the muscles and tendons of movable joints respond to

body movement (exercise)




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baroreceptors - Answer✔✔-located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries respond to changes in

blood pressure


perfusion - Answer✔✔-blood flow to alveoli (affected by gravity)


uneven distributed perfusion is due to what factors - Answer✔✔-Body position


Exercise


Lung zones


pulmonary capillary network - Answer✔✔-"Low pressure" system


Normal pressure 22/8 to 25/8 mm Hg


Can expand to 2-3 times its normal size


25% pulmonary capillaries perfused at rest


Fluid volume within lung


Fluid shifts


Interstitial edema


Alveolar edema - Answer✔✔-factors effecting perfusion


Zone 1 - Answer✔✔-Minimal perfusion


Zone 2 - Answer✔✔-Intermittent perfusion


Zone 3 - Answer✔✔-Continual perfusion


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