NU 545 Unit 3 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
know which hormones are water-soluble and which are lipid-soluble - Answer-water
soluble:
peptides- GH, insulin, leptin, PTH, prolactin
glycoproteins- FSH, LH, TSH
polypeptides: adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADH, calcitonin, endorphins, glucago...
Release of oxytocin is mediated by what? - Answer✔✔-cholinergic and adrenergic
neurotransmitters. the major stimulus for release is glutamate.
Where is oxytocin secreted and what are its effects? - Answer✔✔-it is secreted from the
posterior pituitary. Oxytocin is responsible for the contraction of the uterus and milk ejection in
lactating women and may affect sperm motility in men. Oxytocin is released in response to
suckling (oxytocin binds to receptors on myoepithelial cells in the mammary tissue and cause
contraction causing milk expression or let down reflex) and distention of the uterus (oxytocin
stimulates contractions with a positive feedback loop).
Where is ADH secreted? - Answer✔✔-ADH is produced in the hypothalmus and secreted by the
posterior pituitary. ADH and the posterior pituitary regulate osmolality.
Where does ADH act? - Answer✔✔-ADH acts on vasopressin (V2) receptors of the renal tubular
cells to increase their permeability, which leads to increased water absorption in the blood
stream, increasing the concentration of urine and reducing serum osmolality.
what causes ADH to be secreted? - Answer✔✔-when plasma osmolality increases, the
osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus are stimulated- the rate of ADH secretion is increased
causing more water to be absorbed by the kidneys- the plasma osmolality returns to its set
point (280 mOsm/kg)
How does ADH effect electrolytes? - Answer✔✔-ADH does not directly effect electrolytes but
due to the dilutional effect of increasing water absorption, serum electrolytes may decrease
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