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NU 578 - Unit 2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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NU 578 - Unit 2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Opioids Drugs - Answer-Drugs: Opioids - MOA - Answer-- Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the transmission of pain signals in the CNS. - Mimic actions of endogenous opiates (endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins). - Prima...

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  • October 16, 2024
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NU 578 - Unit 2 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions

Opioids Drugs - Answer✔✔-Drugs:


Opioids - MOA - Answer✔✔-- Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the

transmission of pain signals in the CNS.




- Mimic actions of endogenous opiates


(endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins).




- Primarily activate mu receptors, but also activate Kappa


Opioids - Effect - Answer✔✔-* Relieve pain & induce euphoria




Also cause sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation, nausea, & suppress the cough

reflex.


Opioids - Uses - Answer✔✔-- Pain relief


- Cough suppression

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- Relief of dyspnea


- Preoperative sedation


Opioids - Side Effects - Answer✔✔-Hypotension


sedation


nausea


itching


miosis


muscle weakness


constipation


Urinary Retention


Biliary Colic


Increased ICP


Treatment of Opioid- Induced Constipation - Answer✔✔-methylnaltrexone (Relistor)


naloxegol (Movantik)




Blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract




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* Does not cross blood-brain barrier, so does not reverse analgesia


Opioids - Drug Interactions - Answer✔✔-CNS depressants!




Anticholinergics




Drugs that lower BP


Opioids - Contraindications/Warnings - Answer✔✔-Decreased respiratory reserve


Labor and delivery


Inflammatory Bowel disease


Head Injury


Opioids - Patient Educaiton - Answer✔✔-


Opioid toxicity - Answer✔✔-3 signs:


- coma


- pinpoint pupils


- respiratory depression - may be fatal!


Tolerance - Answer✔✔-a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to

produce the same effect on the body



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Physical Dependence - Answer✔✔-A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if drug

use is abruptly stopped


Abuse - Answer✔✔-drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms


Addiction - Answer✔✔-disease characterized by and individual pathologically pursuing rewards

and relief by substance use and other behaviors


Full opioid agonists - Answer✔✔-- Good for severe pain


- May give a feeling of euphoria




Example: Morphin, codeine, hydromorphone


Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) - Answer✔✔-- Good for moderate pain


- May act as antagonists at some receptors and


precipitate withdrawal.




Example: pentazocine, Suboxone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine


Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) Drugs: - Answer✔✔-Pentazocine


Suboxone


Buprenorphine



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